Hello, tourists,
The scenic spot we visited this time is the world cultural heritage,national 4A scenic spot, national key cultural relics protection unit ShenyangPalace Museum. First of all, let's take a look at the plan of Shenyang PalaceMuseum.
Shenyang Palace Museum was built in 1625 ad. After three large-scaleconstruction, it has formed the pattern of East, middle and West roads. The EastRoad was built in the period of Nurhachi, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty,and its main buildings are Dazheng hall and shiwangting; the middle road wasbuilt in the period of Huangtaiji, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, and itsmain buildings are daqingmen, Chongzheng Hall, fenghuanglou and Qingning palace;the West Road was built in the period of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and itsmain buildings are stage, Jiayin hall, wenzhuge and yangxizhai, which are famousfor storing Sikuquanshu. As one of the two most intact ancient imperial palacesin China, Shenyang Palace Museum and Beijing Palace Museum echo each other, butthey have totally different architectural styles. Now, let's have a taste of thestyle of the Imperial Palace in the past.
The first thing we see is the Daqing gate of the middle road building,commonly known as the Meridian Gate, which is also the main gate of ShenyangPalace Museum. It was the place where the civil and military officials werewaiting for the court at that time, and it was also the place where EmperorTaizong of the Qing Dynasty understood the gratitude of the officials. So why isthis gate called daqingmen? The orthodox saying is that the name of the QingDynasty is Qing, and the main gate of the palace is Guomen, so it is calleddaqingmen. There is also a legend that this wooden door has no name after it wasbuilt, it is just called the gate. Later, Huang Taiji changed its name to DaQing. It was said that the gate of Ming Palace in Beijing was called Da Minggate, so in order to show tit for tat, it was named Da Qing gate.
We pass through the gate of the Qing Dynasty, and the front building isChongzheng Hall. Chongzheng Hall, formerly known as "main hall", is commonlyknown as Jinluan hall. In the first year of Chongde, it was named ChongzhengHall. It is a place where Huang Taiji deals with military and political affairs,receives foreign envoys and frontier minority representatives.
We can see that Chongzheng Hall is a five room nine purlin hard mountainbuilding. The top of the hall is paved with yellow glazed tiles with greenedges. Please pay attention to the glazed tiles on the top of the hall. Anyonewho has been to the Forbidden City in Beijing must clearly remember that theglazed tiles in the Forbidden City in Beijing are yellow, while those inShenyang are yellow with green edges. So this is one of the importantdifferences between the Shenyang Palace Museum and the Beijing PalaceMuseum.
We went up to the platform. On both sides of the platform, there aresundials for timing and galleries for storing standard units of measurement. Wecan see that there are four big tanks on the platform. Do you know what they areused for? Let me tell you, it is called "auspicious tank". In ancient times, itwas called "Menhai", which is an important fire prevention facility in theimperial palace. It symbolizes that the water in the tank is like the sea, andit can prevent fires.
We went to xumizuo. Looking up, the plaque above is "Chongzheng Hall"written in Manchu and Chinese. Please look at the Manchu on the left. We have afigurative metaphor: "a stick in the middle, with thorns on both sides, pluscircles and dots, is the Manchu character.". So the plaques of Shenyang PalaceMuseum are in Manchu on the left and Chinese on the right. The plaques of theForbidden City in Beijing are in Chinese on the left and Manchu on the right. Sothis is the second difference between Shenyang Palace Museum and Beijing PalaceMuseum.
We look up at the plaque of "justice" hanging above Chongzheng Hall, whichwas written by Emperor Shunzhi. Below is the throne of the emperor. It is saidthat there are eight golden dragons painted and carved on the throne. Inaddition, the real dragon emperor sitting on the throne happens to be thelargest nine dragons in ancient China. At the moment, we will visit ChongzhengHall.
The magnificent building in front of us is the Phoenix Tower. It was builtin 3. On the 8-meter-high blue brick platform, there is a three story Xieshanstyle building. Its original name is xiangfenglou. It is a place for Huang Taijito rest, have dinner and read books. We can see that the horizontal plaque of"ziqidonglai" hanging above the main gate was written by Emperor Qianlong. Itmeans that the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty came from Shengjing in the East.The Phoenix Tower was not only the main entrance of the Imperial Palace at thattime, but also the highest building in Shengjing city at that time. Therefore,it was known as "Fenglou xiaori" and was listed as one of the eight scenic spotsin Shengjing city. It's said that you could see Fushun City from the PhoenixTower.
Through the Phoenix Tower, we came to a courtyard, where is the palace ofHuangtaiji. In front of us is the central palace of Huangtaiji, the "QingningPalace". Its original name is Zhenggong, which is the most Manchu residentialbuilding in Shenyang Palace Museum. We can see that its door is on the eastside. It is shaped like a pocket, so it is called "pocket room". Dongyi, alsoknown as warm Pavilion, is the bedroom of Huangtaiji and boljijit, empressxiaoduanwen. The palace is divided into North and South rooms, each with aheated kang, also known as a dragon bed. In 13, Huang Taiji sat there and diedof no illness. He was 52 years old and was later buried in Zhaoling. Then, underthe window of the second room on the east side, there are two big pots. What arethey used for? Let me explain. These two pots are used for sacrifice. Manchupeople believe in Shamanism. People pour hot wine into the pig's ears. If thepig's ears shake, it means that the God has accepted the sacrifice. If itdoesn't move, it means that the gods are not satisfied, and the sacrificialactivities can't go on. Then the pig will shake his head because of beingstimulated. Manchu people think that at this time, the pig has become a mediumconnecting heaven and earth. Then, the pigs were washed and cut into largepieces. They were put into two large pots on the north side and cooked withclean water. The cooked meat was put into the wooden trough and offered to thegods. Then it was distributed to the people who participated in the sacrifice,which was called "eating blessing meat". Manchu believed that after eatingblessing meat, blessing would come to everyone.
Now, we come to the room on the west side. The three rooms on the west sideare connected, and the ring Kang is built on the north, West and south sides,which is called "Wanzi Kang". It is not only the place where the emperor held acasual banquet in the inner palace, but also the place where the Manchu shamanprayed for the emperor and the country.
The difference between Qingning palace and Han architecture lies in thatits chimney is built behind the house, and it is built up from the ground.Later, we'll look at the chimney behind the detour. The architectural featuresof "pocket room, ten thousand character Kang and chimney built on the ground" inQingning palace have the unique national style of Manchu.
When we get out of Qingning palace, the other four palaces you see areGuanju palace, Linzhi palace, Yanqing palace and Yongfu palace. Let's visit themone by one.
Guanju palace is the bedroom of Hai Lanzhu, the most beloved imperialconcubine in Huang Taiji's life. Hai Lanzhu is the niece of the empress ofZhonggong and the sister of Princess Zhuang of Yongfu palace. Hai Lanzhu was 26years old when she married Huang Taiji, but Huang Taiji had deep feelings forher. Hai Lanzhu died of illness in the sixth year of Chongde because of theearly death of his eighth prince. Two years after his death, Huang Taiji alsodied. It is said that Huang Taiji's early death is closely related to the deathof Chen Fei two years ago.
This is Yanqing palace, the bedroom of imperial concubine Taiji. Herdaughter is married to Dorgon by imperial concubine Taiji
This is Linzhi palace. It is the bedroom of namuzhong, the imperialconcubine of Taiji, whose son Bogor once became the biggest competitor for thethrone of Fulin after the death of Taiji. Later, he became an important officialin the court.
Let's take a look at Yongfu palace, which is the lowest position among theimperial concubines. Yongfu palace is the palace of Zhuang's concubine boljigit.When it comes to the influence on the Qing regime, Princess Zhuang's role farexceeds that of her four empresses, and she is regarded as the most promisingempress in the history of the Qing Dynasty. Concubine Zhuang is also the nieceof the empress of Zhonggong and the sister of hailanzhu in Guanju palace. Withher outstanding political ability, Princess Zhuang assisted the three emperorsto achieve the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. In the 26th year of Kangxi reign,Princess Zhuang died of illness at the age of 75. She became the woman with thelongest longevity in the palace of the Qing Dynasty.
You see, the red wooden pole standing in the southwest corner of thecourtyard is called the Solon pole, and the top of the wooden pole has a tinbucket. Manchu call it "Shengan". It's used to feed crows. So tourists willwonder why Manchu people sacrifice crows? In fact, this is related to a legendabout crows. The ancestor of Manchu once lay on the ground in despair when hewas chased by his enemies. At this time, a group of crows happened to fall onhim. The enemy passed by and thought that the crow would not stay where therewere living people, so the ancestors of Manchu were saved. Later, the Manchupeople began to offer sacrifices to the crows in order to repay the crows forsaving their ancestors' lives. When offering sacrifices, they put the pig'sviscera into the tin bucket to support the crows.
At the moment, what we see is the chimney behind the Qingning palace, whichwas the only chimney in Shenyang at that time. It means "unifying the country".How many floors is the chimney Yes, there are eleven floors. I tell you thatthere are three bricks above the eleven floors. So how to say that? Let me askyou a little question: how many emperors of the Qing Dynasty and how many ofthem died For the Qing Dynasty, there were 12 emperors. Eleven of them died.Puyi, the last emperor, was Emperor for only three years. It coincides with the"unification of rivers and mountains" of these 11 floors and 03 bricks.
Well, my friends, I'll introduce Shenyang Palace Museum to you. I hope myexplanation will leave a deep impression on you. Now you can move freely for 30minutes. After 30 minutes, we will meet at the main gate.