Unit4 Friends forever 语法-精讲破
一、定语从句的定义与分类
在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为性定语从句及非性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句省去，则主句意思含糊不清：后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去从句，主句意思仍然清楚完整。 二、关系代词的用法 观察
They ignored the details which/that might result in the accident. 他们忽略了可能导致事故的细节。
This is the suitcase that/which she is looking for. 这是她正在找的手提箱。
The number of the people who/that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这个城市的人数达到一百万。
Danny was the man who/whom/that we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出的那个人。
I know the person whose house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个房子在地震中被完全摧毁的人。 归纳
关系代词 所修饰的先行词 在定语从句中所作的成分 Who Whom Which That Whose ①________ 人 ③________ ④________ 人/物 主语、宾语 ②________语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 ⑤________语 三、在性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况： 观察
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Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? 你能给我任何里面没有糖的东西吗？
This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city. 这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公共汽车。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 桂林是我曾游览过的最美丽的城市。
This is the very scarf that Mother has been looking for. 这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain？ 你能告诉我你在不列颠见到的人和事吗？ 归纳
l.当先行词是all、little、few、none、⑥________、something、everything、nothing等不定代词时。
2.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被⑦________或⑧________修饰时。 3.当先行词被the only、⑨________、the last、the right等修饰时。 4.当先行词○10________时。 链接高考 单句语法填空
1.（2020全国新高考I，语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________opened in 1759.
2.（2020全国Ⅲ，语法填空）n ancient China lived an artist ________paintings were almost lifelike.
3.（2020全国Ⅲ，短文改错）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food ________is provided by Mom with appreciation.
4.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空）They were well trained by their masters ________had great experience with caring for these animals.
5.（2019浙江，语法填空）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________gives off light in the dark.
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6.（2018江苏，25）Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project ________calls for a clear road map and timetable.
7.（2018课标全国I，语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
8.（2018北京，9）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists ________had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
9.（2018浙江，语法填空）Many westerners ________come to China cook much less than in their own countries...
10.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，七选五）Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those ________exercised in the evening.
11.（2017浙江，七选五改编）Every interview ________you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes.
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参：
①人②宾③物④人/物⑤定⑥anything⑦序数词⑧形容词最高级⑨the very⑩既有人又有物
1.which/that句意：例如，Hans Sloane爵士收集的八万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。本空引导定语从句，修饰the British Museum，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that。
2.whose句意：在中国古代生活着一位画家，他的绘画栩栩如生。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词artist，本空在句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。
3.that句意：理解了妈妈的好意，我感激地吃了妈妈提供的所有食物。本空引导定语从句修饰名词food，本空在句中作主语，指物，且先行词前有all修饰，故本空应用关系代词that。
4.who/that句意：它们被它们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物上有丰富的经验。先行词是指人的their masters，且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who或that。
5.that/which句意：在夹克的边缘有一块会在黑暗中发光的布。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。
6.which/that句意：开发长江经济带是一个系统化的工程，这项工程需要一个清晰的公路交通图和时间表。先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which或that。
7.which/that句意：这个报告的其中两位作者在2014年还发表了一项研究，这项研究表明每天仅跑步5到10分钟便可降低患心脏病及由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。先行词为study，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which或that。
8.who/that句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困了两天的游客。先行词指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who或that。 9.who/that句意：很多来到中国的西方人做饭的次数大大少于他们在自己国家做饭的次数……。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词指人，故填who或that。
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10.who句意：研究发现早起锻炼的人比那些晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。先行词为those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
11.that句意：你在街上进行的每次采访不应该超过十分钟。先行词指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，并被Every修饰，因此用that。
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