2010-2018年高考英语长难句解析
1. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.（2010大纲卷Ⅱ阅读理解A篇）
2. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China.（2010阅读理解C篇）
3. The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up and as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others hash in and price wars break out.（2010大纲卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇）
4. Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.（2010大纲卷Ⅱ阅读
5. They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.（2011全国新课标阅读理解C篇）
6. When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties.（2011全国新课标阅读理解D篇）
7. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.（2012阅读理解B篇）
8. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island.（2012全国新课标阅读理解C篇）
9. However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.（2013
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10. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.（2013全
11. Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.（2013全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B篇）
12. Given that many people's moods (情绪) are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine.（2013全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C篇）
13. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.（2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解A篇）
14. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons –a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.（2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B篇）
15. This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.（2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解C篇）
16. By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.（2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读七选五）
17. He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.（2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读
18. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.（2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读七选五）
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19. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where — luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner that very night.（2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B篇） 20. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.（2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解C篇）
21. If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.（2015 22. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. 23. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often 2less self-conscious (难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places —— and so more likely to eat lots of food.（2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B篇）
24. The gap-year phenomenon originated (起源) with the months left over to 2xbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.（2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C篇）
25. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.（2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读七选五）
26. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students.（2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解B篇） 27. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.（2016全国新课 28. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.（2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇） 29. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published..（2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇）
30. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.（2016全国新课标 31. The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.（2016全国新课标甲卷完形填空）
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32. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.（2016 33. If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.（2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解A篇）
34. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.（ 2016全国 35. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.（2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解B篇）
36. For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life. （ 2016全国新课标乙卷 37. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.（2016
38. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.（2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇） 39. Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.（2016全国新课标乙卷完形填空）
【解析】本句中现在分词短语Approaching the vehicle作状语，that引导宾语从句，作saw的宾语，broken为过去分词作定语。
【翻译】他们走进这辆车，看到一位妇女试图从破了的车窗爬出来。
40. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.（2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空）
【解析】本句为主从复合句，其中when引导非性定语从句，修饰the mid-1980s，过去分词短语permitted…作定语修饰reporter。
【翻译】但我和熊猫的联系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期的一档电视节目中，我是第一个被允许拍摄野外营救挨饿的熊猫影片的西方电视台记者。
41. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.（2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C篇）
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【解析】本句的主句是it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式；此外，To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets 为状语，状语中包含了who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people；本句最后还有一个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词Decio。 【翻译】对于习惯于在超市卖的黄金美味和皇家嘎啦这种有限苹果种类选择的人来说，看到仍旧存留的传统苹果是很长见识的，比如罗马人种植的Decio。 42. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.（2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D篇）
【解析】本句为复合句，三个that引导的定语从句对articles进行解释说明。 【翻译】读者们也喜欢分享让他们感到兴奋或有趣的文章，或者是引发愤怒或焦虑的消极感受的文章，而不是仅仅让他们感到悲伤的文章。
43. When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.（2016全国新课标丙卷阅读七选五）
【解析】本句为复合句，when引导时间状语从句，主句中还包含了if引导条件状语从句。
【翻译】当你买完鱼回家后，如果不立即烹饪你最好把鱼放在冰箱里保存，但新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱保存一到两天。
44. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.（2016全国新课标丙卷完形填空） 【解析】本句是由but连接的两个并列分句，在后一个分句中包含了一个in which引导的定语从句。
【翻译】我们是以10比1赢得比赛并且我被评为最有价值的球员，但我经常做疯狂的梦，在梦中我因为Miller的事故而受责备。
45. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.（2016全国新课标丙卷语法填空）
【解析】本句的主干为Some people think that Confucius influenced the development of chopsticks，其中that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中包含了一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Confucius。
【翻译】一些人认为这位生活在公元前约551-479年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了
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筷子的发展。
46. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.（2017年全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解A篇）
【解析】本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment，后面为定语从句，修饰先行词one，且从句使用了cannot和without表示双重否定。 【翻译】这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。
47. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up —and out —the side of the hole.（2017年全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D篇） 【解析】本句为复合句。主句lay the tube in place为祈使句；so that引导目的状语从句，从句是and连接的并列句。
【翻译】接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。
48. If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.（2017年全国Ⅰ卷阅读七选五） 【解析】本句为主从复合句。if引导的是条件状语从句，因表示对与过去事实相反的假设，所以本句中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that引导宾语从句。
【翻译】如果三年前有人告诉我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会狂笑不已。 49. Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.（2017年全国Ⅰ卷完形填空）
【解析】此句为倒装句，little为否定词，当否定词位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。
【翻译】我不知道我竟然会爱上美式手语。
50. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.（2017年全国Ⅰ卷完形填空）
【解析】此句中what 引导的是主语从句，作句子的主语。此外，I had experienced in the past 为定语从句，修饰先行词anything。 【翻译】我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。
51. Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.（2017年全国Ⅰ卷完形填空）
【解析】本句为复合句。if引导的是虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，所以本句
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中条件状语从句使用过去完成时there had been；主句使用“would have done”结构。 【翻译】相反，如果有任何交谈，那会导致我们学到较少的东西。
52. By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.（2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解A篇） 【解析】在本句中，By translating ... BSL为方式状语，and连接creates和aims两个动词作并列谓语。
【翻译】通过把《爱的徒劳》那丰富、幽默的文本翻译成手语，Deafinitely 剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧新的解释，通过向失聪人群和听力健全人群演出，旨在在失聪和有声世界之间搭建一座桥梁。
53. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV（.2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇） 【解析】本句的主干是 The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out of... later 为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；后面的although there was ... live TV为that 引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。此外，同位语从句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。
【翻译】拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。
54. We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇）
【解析】本句中，that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容；同位语从句中包含了一个if 引导的条件状语从句；破折号后出现了一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词kid。
【翻译】我们有着这样的信念—如果足够幸运获得成功，就应该有所回馈。他成立了Newman’s Own食品公司和为病重孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令营，而我成立了圣丹斯协会和电影节。
55. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet .（2017年全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇）
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【解析】本句中a requirement 为同位语，是对前面内容作补充说明，pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定语从句，省略了充当宾语的关系代词that/which，修饰先行词requirement.
【翻译】Terrafugia 说机主需要通过测试并且完成20个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶Transition，这一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易满足。
56. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.（2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇）
【解析】本句中that引导宾语从句，作reported的宾语，从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smell。getting bitten by insects为现在分词作后置定语，修饰maple trees。
【翻译】早在1983年，杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。
57. If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.（2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五）
【解析】本句为if引导条件状语从句。在主句中，you’re busy是know的宾语从句；so引导结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中包含一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明hint的内容。同时同位语从句又包含了一个when引导时间状语从句，因此句子的主句为you’re not to be disturbed.。
【翻译】如果有人敲门，并且不是什么重要的事情，那就礼貌地谢绝，让别人知道你很忙，这样他们就会得到暗示，当门关着的时候，你不想被打扰。 58. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.（2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B篇）
【解析】本句中which引导非性定语从句，修饰先行词a local development firm；此外，定语从句中又包含一个where引导的定语从句。
【翻译】布拉德福德把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商，这家开发商打算在电影院所在的土地上建一个购物中心。
59. The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB”in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.（2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇）
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【解析】非谓语动词、宾语从句
【翻译】纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“DriveLAB”的移动实验室，目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题所在。 60. For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.（2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇） 【解析】这是个简单句。句子主干为driving is important for…。living alone or in the country为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰those；preserving their independence作介词for的宾语; giving them the freedom…作状语；to get out and about…为不定式短语作后置定语修饰the freedom。
【翻译】对于很多老年人来说，特别是那些独自居住在乡间的老年人，驾驶对于保持他们（老年人）的性是非常重要的，这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。
61. Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.（2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇）
【解析】that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中giving up driving为动名词短语作主语，leading to...作现在分词作状语。
【翻译】研究表明，放弃驾驶是导致老年人健康状况下降的主要原因之一，导致他们变得更加隔绝和懒散。
62. Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.（2017年全国Ⅲ卷完形填空）
【解析】本句中，that…and that…是并列的两个宾语从句，作wrote的宾语， who uses the extra ticket为定语从句，修饰先行词the woman。
【翻译】Axani 在他的帖中说：他并不是寻求任何回报，使用这张多余机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅行，或者拿走机票自己旅行。
63. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.（2018全国卷Ⅰ阅读B）
【解析】这是一个多重复合句，主句And the Good Morning Britain presenter says后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句。宾语从句本身也是复合句，其中what she's learnt 也是宾语从句，preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11是
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-ing形式做伴随状语。
【翻译】这位“早安，英国”的电视节目主持人说，她能够在自己的家里把许多学到的东西付诸实践，为14岁的儿子山姆，13岁的芬恩，和11岁的杰克准备膳食。
The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.（2018全国卷Ⅰ阅读C）
【解析】这是一个复合句，句中that引导一个表语从句；从句中often spoken by many people和often spoken by small numbers为-ed形式做定语，分别修饰few languages和lots。同时while在句中做并列连词，意为“然而”，表示对比。 【翻译】一般的规律是，温和地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少，而炎热潮湿地带的语言较多，通常为少数人所使用。
65. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.（2018全国卷Ⅰ七选五）
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。you’ll love to live in修饰先行词rooms，省略了关系代词that/which。steps后的to 是介词，所以跟-ing形式creating。
【翻译】懂得这样处理自己居所的颜色选择是营造你喜爱房间的关键步骤之一。 66. In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.（2018全国卷Ⅰ完形填空）
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to ...用作介词on 的宾语从句，其中what we would learn in class to...又用作apply的宾语从句。In order to pass the class 为动词不定式短语作目的状语，among other criteria为介词短语，作方式状语。
【翻译】按照其他标准，要让这门课过关，我们必须写一篇论文，论述我们如何计划将所学的知识运用到将来的职业中，最终，运用到我们的生活中。 67. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.（2018全国卷Ⅰ语法填空）
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。While引导的是一个让步状语从句，这里相当于Although。the review says后面跟的是宾语从句，省略了连词that。
【翻译】虽然定期跑步并不能让你长生不老，但该评论称，它比散步、骑车或游泳更能延长寿命。
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68. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.（2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读A）
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。where we will visit Disneyland Paris park是一个定语从句修饰先行词Paris; staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks是-ing形式做伴随状语。另外，本句的主句部分Thursday sees ...运用了拟人的修辞格。 【翻译】周四，我们短途旅行去巴黎，游览巴黎迪斯尼乐园，晚些时候，我们观看和烟花。
69. When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.（2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读B）
【解析】这个句子的主干是frozen bananas make an excellent base。When combined with berries or slices of other fruits是一个-ed形式用作时间状语。
【翻译】当冰冻香蕉和其他莓类或水果片混合时，就会成为制作浓郁冰凉果昔和低脂肪“冰淇淋”的不错的主要底料。
70. According to the report's key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”（2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读C）
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。句子主语是the proportion，谓语是has gone。who say they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun 是一个定语从句修饰先行词the proportion, say 后面跟了一个省略了that的宾语从句。
【翻译】根据这个报告的重要发现，“那些说他们从来或者几乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例分别从1984年的13岁中的8%，17岁中的9%上升到了现在的22%和27%。”
71. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.（2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读C）
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。句子的主干是The most hopeful data shows clear evidence。shared in the report是-ed形式用作定语修饰data。when it comes to reading是一个时间状语从句。
【翻译】报告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的数据是：在阅读方面，父母是孩子的榜样和重要的楷模。
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72. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.（2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读D）
【解析】这是一个由but 连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句中Dismissing small talk as unimportant 是主语；第二个并列句中forget后跟了一个that引导的宾语从句，其中还含有一个if 引导的条件状语从句，这里是虚拟语气。
【翻译】认为闲谈不重要而不予考虑很容易，但是我们不要忘记，如果没有随意的的聊天，就不会有深入的人际关系。
73. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.（2018全国卷Ⅱ七选五）
【解析】handle后跟了一个whatever引导的宾语从句，并且在句中作主语。 【翻译】锻炼会让你更加神清气爽，更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。
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