专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷13 (题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TRANSLATION
PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.
1． 不过新鲜好奇开洋荤，以及家庭聚会、恋人约会这一类在阎云祥文中成为“美国文化中国化”的要素，正在逐渐消失于中国的沿海城市；最起码在繁忙时间，麦当劳的顾客群多由互不相识者组成，这正是美国快餐业者的理想顾客。与此同时，麦当劳的选址也日益向商业区和写字楼区靠拢，一个成熟的市场正在形成。尽管如此，我依然看不出中式快餐找到了与洋快餐一决雌雄的战机。
正确答案： However, what Yan Yunxiang referred to as “elements of localization of American culture in China”, which include novelty of exotic things, family reunions, and lovers’ dating, are phasing out in McDonald’s in China’s coastal cities. At least at its busy hours, diners at McDonald’s there mainly consist of people who do not know each other, precisely what American fast food industry views as its ideal target customers. At the same time, McDonald’s increasingly tends to choose its location close to central business districts and areas with lots of office buildings. All these indicate that a market in the real sense is taking shape. However, I still cannot see any good opportunities for Chinese fast food industry to compete with their foreign rivals.
解析：1、本段为叙述当前发生的社会现象，故总体上采用一般现在时。2、第2句可根据意思断为两个短句。“选址”意指选择其所处位置，可译为chooseits location。“日益”可译成increasingly；“商业区”在国际上通常成为business district，国外现代城市规划中常用CBD表示，即central business district的缩写；“成熟的”可按字面译为mature，但此处意指真正意义上的，译为短语in the real sense作后置定语更为贴切；“形成”可译成taking shape或taking form，也可译成coming into existence．3、第3句“我看不出一决雌雄的战机”意为文章的作者认为竞争获胜的机会很小，故可译为I still can not see any good opportunities；“中式快餐”应译成Chinese fast foodindustry，与上文中的American fast food industry形成对等。 知识模块：汉译英
2． 作为中国最早的教育中心和科学研究中心，北京大学聚集了中国优秀的专家学者，不断开拓创新，改造发展，以培养出的高质量人才所做出的高水平科学成果深刻影响和推动着中国高等教育的航程。一百年来，以北京大学为代表的中国现代大学群，在中国走向现代化的历史中起了重要的先锋作用，形成了光荣的传统和优良的学术传统。
正确答案： As China’s earliest education and research center, Peking University, with a large number of China’s most distinguished specialists and scholars among its faculty, has consistently engaged itself in pioneering and development endeavors. With a large amount of high-level scientific research achievements produced by talents trained there, Peking University has provided a strong impetus to the development of China’s higher education system. Over the past one hundred years, a bunch of modern Chinese universities as represented by Peking University have spearheaded China’s historical advancement towards modernization and have formed a glorious revolution and academic tradition.
解析：1、本段为描述性文字，强调北大等著名高校的所取得的成就在中国教育事业的发展过程中所起的重要作用，总体上宜采用现在完成时。2、第2句较长，应分析清楚句子成分。主语应为中国现代大学群，可译成a bunch ofmodern Chinese universities：“起先锋作用”可译成have spearheaded，形象鲜明，意思明确，也可译成have played an pioneering role in；“走向现代化的历史中”可译成historical advancement towards modernization。 知识模块：汉译英
3． 龙，在苗族人心目中是吉祥如意的象征。苗家姑娘最爱将龙的变形图案打制成银饰装点在头上，或刺绣在衣裙中，编织于围腰上。苗族人民制作的龙船，十分精巧、美观。龙身由一只母船和两只子船捆扎而成，叫做“子母船”。无论子船还是母船，皆为独木镂空。两米多长的龙头，用水柳木雕刻，装有一对一米多长的龙角。龙头以主色不同，分为赤龙、青龙、黄龙。
正确答案： In the minds of Miao people, the dragon is a symbol of good luck. Girls like best to adorn their hair with silver adornments shaped like dragons, to embroider dragons on their skirts, and to weave dragon patterns on their “weiyao”—beautiful and delicate traditional costumes in the shape of aprons. The Miaos build exquisite dragon boats which, called “Mother-and-Son Boat”, consist of three canoes—one large and two small—that are strung together. Each of the carved boat head, more man two meters long decorated with a pair of horns over one meter long, is made from the trunk of a weeping willow tree. These dragon boats are classified into red dragons, blue dragons, and yellow dragons by the dominant color of their heads.
解析：1、本段为一般性说明文字，故应采用一般现在时。2、第1句的“吉祥如意”为中文四字词组，意指好运，可简单译为good luck。3、第3句的“精巧”可译为exquisite或artistic，但不宜译作delicate，因为后者还含有“纤细易损，需小心照料”之意。4、为描述方便，第4句与第5句合译。“独木镂空”可译为canoe，贴切原文的意思，英文读者易于理解。5、第6句突出龙头长度与壮观，可以以“龙头”(dragon head)为句子主语，将“两米多长”和“装有一对一米多长的龙角”译成补语紧随其后；“装有”可译为decorated with，突出其装饰效果。6、第7句的“分”指分类，译为classify，“主色”即主要的颜色，可译为dominant color。7、因本段文字的描述核心为“龙”，故翻译“赤龙、青龙、黄龙”时应不惜重复dragon一词，译成red dragons，blue dragons，and yellow dragons，以保留原文的文体特征。 知识模块：汉译英
4． 中国民族自古以来从不把人看做高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。
正确答案： From ancient times the Chinese nation has never placed man in the paramount position in the universe. As reflected both in philosophy and in art, man has always held a well-proportioned position in relation to other objects in nature and has never acted as the absolute master over all other creatures. Thus we Chinese people in general have suffered less from mental depression than westerners, as the intensity of mental depression is generally determined by the magnitude of desires and ambition. People in agricultural societies enjoy much less material comfort than those in industrial societies, and accordingly they have much less desires. Moreover, freedom from detainment or enslavement by material possessions has always been taken as the philosophy of life throughout China’s history.
解析：1、本段为哲学思辨性文本，对古往今来中西方哲学思想进行比较分析，故宜采用现在完成时为总体时态。2、第2句的“为少为小”意思是“小于和少于”。需要注意的是less是不能作为表语的，例如“我的钱比你少”绝不可译成：My money is less than yours，而应译成I haveless money than you。同理，本句前半句不能译成Our depression is weaker and less，而应该对它的主语进行调整，改用“我们”为主语，增补动词词组suffer from作为谓语，前半句则译成Thus we Chinese people in general have suffered less from men—tal depression than westerners；本句中的“基本上”的实际意思是“大致上”，不能望文生义译成basically，译成in general比较准确。3、根据本段文字的哲学思辨特征，第2句的“苦闷的强弱”可译成intensity of mentaldepression；“欲望与野心的大小”可译成magnitude of desires and ambition，形成相互对应；“随…而转移”在本句中可译成is determined by。4、第3句的“享受”实指“物质享受”，可译成动词enjoy，增补material comfort为宾语，意思精确，同时与mental depression形成鲜明对应。5、第4句在翻译时要注意正确理解个别词汇的现代汉语意思，如：“况”意为“况且”；“不滞于物”和“不为物役”当中的“物”指的是“物质”，“滞”可以理解为“因…而停止”或“被…所束缚”，“役”指的是“奴役”，这里的意思是“被…奴役”。所以这句话翻译成现代汉语应该是“而且中国古代一直以不被物质所束缚和奴役为最主要的人生哲学”，“素来”意为“从来”，所以可译成has always been。 知识模块：汉译英
5． 广州人的平均收入在中国算是很高的，小康之家越来越多，所以，广州人上馆子吃饭乃是常事。广州的餐馆整天顾客盈门，这是因为，比起中国其他地方来，广州人特别注重吃。不少广州人喜欢上馆子喝早茶。在那里，小推车上装着各种“点心”，从一个桌子推到另一个桌子，供应顾客。每星期天一早，从七点开始，人们就起身上馆子，边喝茶，边吃早饭，边和朋友聊天了。
正确答案： Compared with people in most other Chinese cities, people in Guangzhou have quite high average income, and the number of well-to-do families has been rising steadily. For this reason, it is very common for Guangzhou residents to eat out. Restaurants in the city are congested with diners all day round, as the people in Guangzhou seem to be keener on having good food than those in any other parts of the country. The locals like to have their “morning tea” in restaurants, where a large variety of dim sum is served from carts wheeled from table to table. Early on Sunday mornings, a lot of people in Guangzhou are up since 7 o’clock and are already chatting with friends over tea and breakfast in various restaurants.
解析：1、本段描述当代社会生活的某一个侧面，故采用一般现在时为总体时态。2、第2句的“顾客”此处指食客，故可译为diner，比clients，customers等词语意思更明确：“顾客盈门”是典型的汉语表达形式，可根据意思译成be full of diners，becrowded with diners，或be congested with diners等。3、“特别注重吃”指广州人对“吃”的重视程度，意思是广州人爱“吃”会“吃”，可译为payextraordinary attention to food或are keen on having good food；但不能译成中国式的英语enjoy eating。4、第3句与第4句意思联系紧密，可译为一句。“广州人”可译为the locals，以避免重复；“早茶”为当地特色，翻译时可加上引号；“点心”为dim sum，若不知，可译为dessert或snack，在从句中作主语，应译为被动语态。5、第5句表现广州人喝早茶这一重要社交方式，呈现给我们一幅广州人悠然自得地边喝茶吃吃早点边聊天的风俗画，可译成chat over their morning tea and break—fast，简洁明了，符合英文的表达方式。 知识模块：汉译英