目录
第一章 名 词 ———————————————————————— 3
第二章 冠 词 ———————————————————————— 9
第三章 代 词 ———————————————————————— 13
第四章 形容词副词
第五章 介 词
第六章 动 词
第七章 情态 动词
第八章 非谓语动词
第九章 定语 从句
第十章 名词性从句
第十一章 状语 从句
第十二章 倒 装 句
第十三章 虚拟 语气
第十四章 并 列 句
第十五章 重要 句型
第十六章 动词 搭配
全习题答案及部分解释
———————————————————————— 19 ———————————————————————— 29 ———————————————————————— 43 ———————————————————————— 53 ———————————————————————— 58 ———————————————————————— 74 ———————————————————————— 79 ———————————————————————— 81 ———————————————————————— 85 ———————————————————————— ————————————————————————— 90 ————————————————————————— 93 ————————————————————————— 94 ————————————————————————— 106
1
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
初中英语语法 状元笔记
语法网络图
第一章 名词
I.
名词的种类：
专有名词 国名地名人名，团体机构名称 China 可数名词 个体名词 book 集体名词 family 普通名词 不可数名词 抽象名词 happiness 物质名词 air II. 可数名词的数：
1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
规则 1 一般情况在词尾加-s 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es 例词 Book-books, girl-girls, day-days class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes Wife-wives, knife – knives, wolf – wolves, thief – thieves, shelf – shelves, self-selves, life- lives, half – halves, leaf – leaves 顺口溜：妻子持刀去砍狼，小偷看得心发慌，书架后面保自命，半片树叶遮目观 gulf-gulfs(海湾)，roof-roofs（屋顶） , chief-chiefs（首领）, serf-serfs（奴隶，奴仆）, belief – beliefs（信仰）, proof-proofs（证据） , handkerchief- handkerchiefs（手帕）顺口溜：海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上 变-f和-fe为v再加-es 以-f或3 -fe结尾的词 加-s 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities i加-es 2
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 名词以y结尾的，加-s 一般加-es Negro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes（巧计：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿） piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 以辅音字母加6 -o结尾的名词 不少外来词加-s 两者皆可 7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s 8 以-th结尾的名词加-s 2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下： 规则 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 2 单复数相同 3 只有复数形式 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 5 例词 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, people, police 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party 也可以作复数（成员） customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜) Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 6 复数形式表示特别含义 加-s 表示单复数同形 7 “某国人” 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 将主体名词变为复数 8 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 合成名无主体名词时将最后一部分grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 词 变为复数 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants 注意： 1，除了顺口溜中的七个要变(f)e为-ve加s外，以-self结尾的也要变f为ve
加s，如，ourselves
3
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
2，表示“某国人”的复数形式用一下顺口溜：中日不变，英法“e”把“a”来换，
其他“s”加后面（适用于初中阶段主要的几个国籍名词变复数）
3，不可数名词没有复数形式
4，对于合成名词变复数在初中阶段有一下规律：有人的在人后面变复数；都是物
的在最后一个物后面变复数；如果前面是woman 或者 man 作修饰名词时，这个名词的前后两个名词均要变复数，如: two women doctors
III. 名词的所有格：
名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成： 单数名词在末尾加’s 一般在末尾加’ 复数名词 不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, Japan’s and America’s problems（表示日本和美国各自表示各自的所属关系时,各名词末尾的问题，不是同一个问题）, 均须加’s Jane’s and Mary’s bikes（表示Jane和Mary各自的车，不是同一辆车） Japan and America’s problems,(表示美日共有的问题，表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词是同一个问题) 末加’s Jane and Mary’s father（表示Jane和Mary共同的父亲，Jane和Mary是两姐妹） 表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 后名词省略 2. ’s所有格的用法： １ 2 3 4 5 6 7 表示时间 表示自然现象 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches 表示国家城市等地方的the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry 名词 表示工作群体 表示度量衡及价值 the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples 与人类活动有特殊关系the life’s time, the play’s plot 的名词 某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措) 3. of所有格的用法：
用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed
4
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
IV, 名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1).如主语是单数,后跟with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引导的短语时,谓语动
词仍用单数形式.
Tom with his father often goes to the cinema. Tom经常和他爸爸去电影院 The women with two children is Crist. Crist是一个有两个孩子的女人 (2).复数形式单数内容的名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式.
The news is surprising. (news在这里指的是新闻，不算new的复数) (3). 单数形式复数内容的名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式. The police have caught the thief. The people there are very kind.
(4).一些集体名词如family, class, team等作主语时,若强调整体, 谓语动词用单数形式, 若强调个体, 谓语动词用复数形式.
His family is not a large one.他家不是个大家庭。 Her family are watching TV.他全家人在看电视。 The team is playing very well.这个队打得很出色。
The team are all famous players in our country.全体队员都是我国有名的运动员。 (5).表示时间,金钱,距离的名词加s后,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式. Two hours is enough for us to get there One hundred dollars is enough.
Five kilometers is a long way for the childern.
(6).复数名词shoes,trousers,glasses等由pair修饰时, 谓语动词的单复数形式要由pair决定. The pair of shoes looks nice.
That two pairs of trousers are both too long.
(7)由and连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,如表示整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式. 若表示个体概念, 谓语动词用复数形式.
My old friend and classmate has just come back from abroad.我的老校友刚从国外回来（.表示此人既是我的老朋友又是我的同学，指的是一个人）
My old friend and classmate have just come back from abroad.我的老朋友和同学刚从国外回来（表示的是两个人，一个是我的老朋友，一个是我的同学，所以谓语动词用have） The singer and dancer is to attend our English evening.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会.
(8)“The number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 “A number of +复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 注：the number of … 表示的是“….的数量” a number of… 表示的是“很多……”
The number of classes in our school is 21 我校有21个班
A number of boys love PE 许多男孩子喜欢体育
(9)neither„nor(既不是….也不是….) ;either„or„(不是….就是….，要么….要么….) ; not only„but also( 不仅…而是….)等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。 Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错
(10)of + 抽象名词 =形容词be of importance= be important
V,易错题解析
5
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
1. 这些女老师们在干什么?
[误] What are the woman doctors doing?
[正] What are the women doctors doing?
[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men, women.
2. 房间里有多少人?
[误] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。
3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构，其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
名词部分测试题
1,（福建.福州）The _____ often eat grass on the hill.
A. chicken B. horse C. cow D. sheep
2,(四川.广元2011)Our hospital needs two ＿＿＿ doctors, Mrs Li. You can ask your son to have a try.
A, women B, man C. men
3,（四川.广元2007）At night, Koala bears get up and eat _____
A, leaf B, leafs C, leaves
4, （四川.绵阳2009）Tomatoes, broccoli and _______ are vegetables. A. bananas B. potatoes C. noodles D. potatos 5,Lily’s and Lucy’s bike ____ there
A, is B, be C, are D, am 6, My family ___very poor.
A, is B, am C, are
6
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
7,They decided to go hiking with their _____
A，wife B, wifes C, wives
8, Not only the students but also their teacher ____ enjoying the film. A, am B, are C, is 9, He is only a ______ boy ,too young to go to school
A, two-yesrs-old B, two-year-old C, two-years-olds 10,A number of cats ___ playing over there.
A, is B, are C, be
第二章 冠词
冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义，冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。a用于辅音及辅音音素开头的可数名词前（ a book），an用于元音及元音因素开头的可数名词起岸( an apple)。在初中阶段，大多数时候，能“定下来”的就要用定冠词，不能“定”下来的就用不定冠词。
冠词使用口诀：名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a， an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 至于具体用法，请看下面讲解：
I.不定冠词的用法： 1 2 3 4 5 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. 某名人有类似性质的人或事 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 6 用于固定词组中 7
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, This room is rather a big one. such之后 8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. II. 定冠词的用法： 1 表示某一类人或物 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 The horse is a useful animal. A: you are just a little girl. B: No, I’m the little girl (同学们谁可以理解这两句话对话的含义？) Would you mind opening the door? play the violin, play the guitar the reach, the living, the wounded the Greens, the Wangs He is the taller of the two children. 3 4 用于乐器前面 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” 7 8 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 岛的名词前 The compass was invented in China. 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个in the 1990’s 年代 I hired the car by the hour. 11 用于表示单位的名词前 12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示He patted me on the shoulder. 时间的词组前 III. 零冠词的用法： 1 2 3 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 地名等名词前 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? every等 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐March, Sunday, National Day, spring 前 Lincoln was made President of America. He likes playing football/chess. by train, by air, by land husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night Horses are useful animals. 8
4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 5 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 8 表示泛指的复数名词前
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
注意：1，有些元音开头的名词被以辅音开头的形容词修饰的时候前面还是用a，如：an apple, a delicious apple 2,初中阶段常考的还有useful和hour 。useful虽然是元音字母开头但是是辅音音素，因此在useful修饰的名词前面依旧用a，如：a useful book。 3,Hour虽然为 辅音字母开头，但是由于h在hour这个单词中不发音，故hour是以元音因素开头的，所以应该是an hour而不是a hour.
IV,易错题解析
1.Help yourself to _________.
A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken 答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数) 2.________ it is today!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather
答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather
是名词, 要用what来感叹.)
3.Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’ factory 答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似
的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)
4.This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B, is studying C.be studying D. studying
答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当 “人”讲的时候要做复数处理.
类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等)
5.We will have a _________ holiday after the exam.
A. two month B. two-month C. two month’s D. two-months 答案: B (选择C的同学要注意应用two months’; 选择D的同学要注意名词之间有 “—
“ 后的组合词当作形容词来用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.)
6.________ trees are cut down in the forests every year. A. Thousand B.Thousands C.Thousand of D. Thousands of 答案: D. (选择C的同学注意词组记忆的准确性) 7 _________ people here are very friendly to us.
A. The B. / C. A D .An
答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意这里的people是特指这里的, 因此要用定冠词the)
冠词部分测试题 填空
1. There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall． 2. This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour． 3. _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．
4. _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day． 5. Let's go out for _______ walk．
9
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
6. It's too hot．Open _______ door，please．
7. There is _______ woman over there． _______ woman is Meimei's mother． 8. _______ sun rises in _______ east．
9. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China． 10. Are you going to do it _______ second time？ 11. Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．
12. _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street． 13. He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995．
14. _______ old man is _______ teacher．He likes playing ________ basketball after
_______ supper．
15. After I had _______ quick breakfast，I hurried to school．
16. Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and
_______ meat？ 17. They went to _______ People's Park，but we both went to _______ People's Cinema
yesterday．
18. I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening． 19. _______ day of _______ December
20. 1999 is Monday． 20．Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I
went to choose _______ Christmas tree today．
21. I think _______ maths is more important than any other subject． 22. He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike．
23. What does this _______ word mean， _______ Father？ 24．What _______
important news 单选
1．—Does Jim have _______ ruler？ —Yes，he has _______ ． A．an；some B．a；one C．a；／ D．any；one
2．There is _______ old bike． _______ old bike is Mr Zhao's．
A．an ；The B．the；An C．a；The D．the；The 3． _______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay．
A．The B．A C．An D．Two 4．—How many books do you have？
-—I have _______ book．That's _______ English book． A．a；an B．a；one C．one；an D．one；one
5．At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby．
A．a B．an C．the D．／ 6． _______ tiger is _______ China．
A．The；a B．A；the C．The；from D．The；the 7．We can't see _______ sun at _______ night． A．the；the B．the；／ C．a；／ D．／；／ 8． _______ useful book it is！
A．What an B．How a C．What a D．What
10
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
9．One afternoon he found _______ handbag．There was _______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag．
A．a；an；the B．a；a；the C．an；an；an D．the；a；a
10,_______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting． A．An；an；a B．The；／；an C．The；／；a D．The；／；the 11． _______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world． A．A；a B．The；the C．A；the D．The；a
12． _______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River． A．The；a B．A；／ C．A；the D．An；the
13． _______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school． A．A；an B．The；a C．The；the D．A；the
14．He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer． A．a；a B．a；the C．／；a D．a；／ 15．They made him _______ king． A．a B．the C．an D．／
16．His father is _______ English teacher．He works in our school． A．a B．an C．the D．／ 17．Is he _______ American boy ？
A．an B．a C．one D．／
18．Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school？ A．／；／ B．／；the C．the；／ D．a；／
19．They passed our school _______ day before yesterday． A．an B．one C．a D．the
20．Australia is _______ English-speaking country． A．a B．an C．the D．／
21．She has _______ orange skirt． _______ skirt is nice． A．a；The B．an；The C．an；A D．the；The
22．This is _______ apple．It's _______ big apple． A．an；a B．a；the C．a；an D．an；the 23．Look at _______ horse over there． A．a B．an C．the D．／
24．Don't play _______ basketball here．It's dangerous． A．a B．an C．／ D．the 25．There is _______ old woman in the car． A．／ B．the C．a D．an
26．Beijing is _______ beautiful city．It's _______ capital of China． A．a；a B．the；the C．／；the D．a；the 27．Shanghai is in _______ east of China． A．／ B．an C．a D．the
28．I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years． A．a B．an C．the D．／
29．Bill is _______ English teacher．He likes playing _______ football． A．a；the B．an；the C．a；／ D．an；／ A．an
11
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
30．The museum is quite far．It will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus．
A, an；／ B．an；a C．a；／ D．／；／
第三章 代词
I.代词可以分为以下几大类： 1，人称代词
注意：人称代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语。 2，物主代词
注意：
1， 形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要接名词。而名词性物主代词在句中作主语、
宾语或表语，它后面再不接名词。它们的关系为：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
2， 主宾格口诀：人称代词分主宾，只有八对要分清，你它主宾是同形，其余几对要分清
3， 人称代词排序口诀： 人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌现，
单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三， 麻烦事情我站前，其他人称没意见， 两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯
4，形容词物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的转换口诀：一变：my变mine，二留：his，its不变，三加尾：其余加-s 3 .反身代词: myself, ourselves, yourself 4 .指示代词: this, that, these, those
5 .疑问代词: what, who, whose, whom, which, when, what 6 .不定代词: something, anything, somebody, anybody
注意：复合不定代词的修饰语要后置(也就是我们所说的形容词修饰复合不定代词要放在复
合不定代词后)，复合不定代词作主语时常视为单数第三人称。如：something new,一些新的东西。
12
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
(复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something（某事物）, somebody（某人）, someone（某人）, anything（任何事物）, anybody（任何人）, anyone（任何人）, nothing（没事物）, nobody（没人）, no one（没人）, everything（一切事物）, everybody（每个人）, everyone(每个人)等十二个.) II. 不定代词用法注意点： 1. one, some与any:
1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句 和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every:
each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上的整体中的个体，而every强调整体，所 指的数必须是三个或三个以上的整体中的每个，但实际倾向于整体。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.（强调的是个体）
Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. （强调的是学生这一个群体） 3. none和no：
no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数 名词，谓语单复数皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.=There isn’t any water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other、another、the other、the others的区别和各自的用法
1)泛指（三者或三者以上中的另一个，用another（可接单数可数名词）。
如: The mooncake is delicious, can you please give me another one?
2) 一定范围内或两个人(物)中，特指剩下的“另一个”用the other（可接单数可数名词），特指“剩下的那些”，用the other+复数可数名词。
初中阶段常考的有one…. the other….,意为“一个….其他的…..” Some …..others….意为“一些….另一些…..” 如：There are 5 boys here, one is reading, the other are playing games There are 5 boys here, some are reading, others are playing games 3) 一定范围内三者或三者以上，泛指“另一个”，用another。
13
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
4) 表示在一个范围内的其他全部, 用the others=the other+复数可数名词。如:
This dictionary is better than the others/the other dictionaries. 这本字典比别[其余]的好。 5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others。即当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。如：
Some cleaned the windows, others swept the floor. 有的擦窗户, 有的扫地。 5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定 用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English.所有书都是用英文编辑的 Not all milk called Telunsu.不是所有牛奶都叫特仑苏
Both of us are not teachers. Not both of us are teachers. Either of us is a teacher.
例1 The man over there is my brother . _____ is a doctor .
A .She B .He C .Hers D .His (2001年北京市海淀区中考题)
简析：此题是考查人称代词主格的用法，根据题意指代的是人，且在句中作主语，应用人称代词主格，前面说the man。故答案为B。 例2 —_____does your father do ?
—He is a worker . A .Which B .Who C .What D .How (2001年北京市海淀区中考题)
简析：此题是考查如何选择疑问代词，根据答语He is a worker .表明是问某人的职业，问职业常用疑问代词what。故答案为C。
例3 I have two cats .One is black ,and ___ is white .
A .another B .some C .other D .the other (2001年北京市海淀区中考题)
简析：此题是考查不定代词another ,some ,other ,the other在用法上的区别，根据题意“(两者中)一个„„另一个„„”为固定结构：one . . .the other . . .。故答案为D。 例4 The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers______.
A .them B .themselves C .him D .himself (2001年上海市中考题)
简析：此题是考查反身代词的用法。反身代词除了在句中作宾语和表语外，它还可作同位语，用来加强语气。根据题意，此处填反身代词作主语the twins的同位语，用来加强语气，说明是他们自己更正错误，而不是别人，且主语是复数。故答案为B。 例5 She always thinks of _____more than herself .
A .other B .others C .the other D .the others (2001年天津市中考题)
简析：此题是考查不定代词other ,others ,the other ,the others的区别；other指单独的一个，others泛指其他的人(物)；the other指两者中的另一个人(物)，the others指某一范围内“其余的几个”。根据题意是指其他的人。故答案为B。
14
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
例6 You may go and ask him .He knows ____ about Japanese .
A .a few B .few C .a little D .little (2001年天津市中考题)
简析：此题是考查不定代词a few ,few ,a little ,little的区别：a few和few指代或修饰可数名词复数，a little和little是指代或修饰不可数名词，a few和a little表示肯定，few和little表示否定。根据题意Japanese在此处指“日语”，语言是不可数的，且该句是肯定的语气。故答案为C。
例7 ____ Lily or Lucy has been to the Great Wall .
A .Either B .Neither C .Both D .Nor (2001年陕西省中考题)
简析：此题是考查不定代词either ,neither ,both ,nor的区别：either指两个人(物)中的任何一个，表示肯定意义，neither是either的否定形式，both指两个人(物)，而nor表示“也不”。它们常可构成：either . . .or ,neither . . .nor ,both . . .and。故答案为A。 例8 —I want to buy a diary .Could you show me ____ ? —Yes .This is the most popular kind .
A .other B .anything C .it D .one (2001年武汉市中考题) 简析：此题是考查不定代词one的用法，one常用来代替前面所提到的同类人或物的单数。以避免与前面提到的名词重复。此题是用来代替前面的a diary。故答案为D。 例9 —My bag is full .What about _____ ?
—____is full ,too . A .you ,Yours B .his ,He C .yours ;Mine D .hers ,She (2001年黄冈市中考题)
简析：此题是考查人称代词与物主代词，形容词性物主代词与名词物主代词的区别；人称代词是指代人，物主代词是用来说明物的主人，形容词性物主代词后常要接一个名词，而名词性物主代词后再不能接名词。根据题意，此题两处都是说明物的主人，且后面都没有名词，因此两处均应为名词性物主代词。故答案为C。
例10 Be quiet ,please !I will choose ____ for our football team .
A .anybody strong B .someone strong C .strong someone D .strong anybody (2001年重庆市中考题) 简析：此题是考查复合不定代词的用法，复合不定代词的修饰语应放在复合不定代词后面，因此C、D两选项不成立。anybody常用于否定句中，此题为肯定语气。故答案为B。 例11 There are 48 students in class 2 , one thirds of them are _____
A, boy B,boys C, boies D,the boys
简析：48名学生，1/3是男生，所以男生应该用复数，所以选B，本题的关键在于能判断出来one thirds是三分之一的意思，那么英语中怎么表达分数呢？有如下口诀： 英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字。 分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。
代词习题
Ⅰ .单项选择(选自各地中考题)
( )1 .I met Kate on ____way home yesterday .(北京海淀区)
15
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A .my B .me ( )2 .This is ___ ruler .(北京西城区)
C .his
D .him
A .my B .mine C .I ( )3 .A : _____pencil-box is this ,Patrick ?
B :It’s _____.(上海)
D .me
A .Whose ;mine B .Who’s ;mine C .Whose ;my D .Who’s ;my ( )4 .Kate and her sister went on holiday with a classmate of ____.(黑龙江) A .her B .hers C .their ( )5 .—Is this dictionary ____ or ____ ? —It’s mine .(内蒙古)
D .theirs
A .your ;hers B .yours ;her C .your ;her D .yours ;hers ( )6 .The pen is ____.She wrote _____name with it _____.(甘肃) A .hers ;her ;herself B .her ;hers ;her C .her ;hers ;herself D .her ;herself ;hers ( )7 .Can I borrow ____ pencil ? _____ is broken .(河北)
A .you ;My B .your ;Me C .your ;Mine D .your ;My ( )8 .These are ______ cups . _____ are over there .(河南) A .our ;Yours B .yours ;Mine C .his ;Our ( )9 . ______ schoolbag is much better than____ .(山西) A .Her ;me B .Hers ;my C .Hers ;mine ( )10 .—Oh ,there is someone in the room .
—______ must be my mother .(安徽)
D .their ;Your D .Her ;mine
A .There B .She C .This D .It ( )11 .—Which of these two sweaters will you take ?
—I’ll take ____.They look nearly the same ,and I just need one .(江西) A .both B .either C .none ( )12 .—Which of your parents is a doctor ?
—_____ are .(天津)
D .all
A .Any B .Either C .Both D .Neither ( )13 .He has two basketballs .One is new , _____ is old .(北京海淀区) A .the other B .other C .the others D .others
( )14 .He has two sisters .One is a doctor , ______ is a teacher .(内蒙古) A .another B .the other C .other D .others ( )15 .I have two sons ,but _____ of them lives with me .(河北)
A .all B .both C .neither D .few
( )16 .I have bought a new watch because my old _____ doesn’t work .(重庆) A .it B .one C .that ( )17 .—Can you speak Russian ? —Yes ,but only ______ .(厦门)
D .this
A .little B .a little C .few D .a few ( )18 .—What would you like to have ,tea or milk ?
—_____.I’d like to have a glass of water .(杭州)
A .Each B .Neither C .Either D .Both ( )19 .My car was broken and I didn’t know _____ to do .(杭州)
16
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A .what B .which C .when D .how ( )20 .—Is _____ here ?
—No .Jack and Tom have gone to the library .(湖北黄冈)
A .anybody
Ⅱ .按括号中提示意思完成下列句子。
1 .They are _____ (我的) flowers .Please give _____ (它们) to _____ (我) . 2 .Is this map _____ (你的) ?No ,it’s ____ (他的) .That one is _____ (我的) . 3 .I can hear ______ (一些，什么) ,but I can’t see _____ (一些，什么) . 4 .He says to _____ (自己) ,“I can’t do it by _____ (自己)” .
5 . _______ (都) of us are students , ______(都) of the twins are workers . Ⅲ .根据汉语把句子补充完整。 1 .她的父母都是教师。
Her parents _____ teachers . 2 .任何东西都不能在月球上生存。 _____can live on the moon .
3 .他们每个人都有一个幸福的家庭。 _____ of them _____ a happy family . 4 .街道两边都有树和花。
There are trees and flowers on______ _______ of the street . 5 .请你借些钱给我好吗？
Would you please lend me ______ money ? 6 .老王昨天没有去看电影，我也没去。
Lao Wang didn’t go to see the film yesterday. ________ I .
7 .我略微知道一点关于会议的情况，他没参加会，他不能告诉你什么。 I know ______about the meeting .He wasn’t at the meeting ,he can tell you .
8 .又来了一辆公共汽车。 Here comes _____ bus . 9 .别帮他，他自己会做。
Don’t help _____, ________can do it ______. 10 .老师和学生都将去农场劳动。
______ teachers ______ students will go and work on the farm .
Ⅳ .单项选择(选自各地中考题)
( )1 .Kate has lost ____ key . _____ asks_____ for help .(山西)
A .her ,He ,I B .his ,He ,me C .his ,She ,I D .her ,She ,me
( )2 .Uncle Tom asked David , ___ brothers and ___to help him write some cards .(广
州) A .my ;I B .my ;me C .myself ;I ( )3 . ____ book is new and _____is new ,too .(吉林) A .Our ,he B .Ours ,his C .My ,his ( )4 .This isn’t ____ pen ,I think it’s ____ .(湖南)
A .my ;hers
B .nobody C .everybody D .all
D .myself ;me
D .My ,her D .mine ;his
B .his ;her
17
C .my ;your
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
( )5 .This is classroom . is over there .(广州) A .ours ;Their B .our ;Theirs ( )6 .—Is the new watch ? —Yes ,it’s _____ .(昆明)
C .our ;Their
D .ours ;Theirs
A .you ;me B .yours ,mine C .you ;my ( )7 . _____ office is much smaller than .(天津) A .Ours ;yours B .Our ;yours C .Theirs ;our ( )8 . _____ school is much larger than .(河南)
D .your ;mine
D .Your ;their D .Their ;our
A .Theirs ;our B .Their ;ours C .Theirs ;ours ( )9 .“Excuse me !Is this _____ watch ?”
“No ,it’s not ____.It’s Jim’s .”(安徽) A .your ;myself B .your ;my C .yours ;mine ( )10 .Tom is here and a friend of ____ is here too .(安徽) A .him B .he ( )11 .—_____ house is this ?
—It’s mine .(天津)
C .his
D .your ;mine D .hers
A .What B .Who ( )12 .What’s _____ over there ?(吉林)
C .Who’s
D .Whose
A .these B .those C .that ( )13 . ______ books are my sister’s .()
D .this
A .This B .That C .It D .These ( )14 .“Help to some meat ,Mary .”my aunt said to me .(北京) A .themselves B .ourselves C .yourself D .himself
( )15 .“Help _____ to some mooncakes” .Han Meimei said to the twins .(安徽) A .you B .oneself C .yourself D .yourselves ( )16 .Thank you for having us .We enjoyed ______ very much .(济南) A .ourselves B .us C .our D .ours ( )17 . _____ the twins enjoyed _____at the party yesterday .(安徽) A .Both ;them B .Both ;themselves C .All ;them D .All ;themselves ( )18 .Nobody taught ______ ,she learnt it by_____ .(海南) A .she ,her B .her ,herself C .her ,her ( )19 .—Did she go to school when she was young ?
—No .She taught _____ at home .(天津)
D .herself ,herself
A .her B .herself C .hers D .she ( )20 .My brother is too young .He can’t look after _____.(浙江)
A .himself
B .herself
C .his
D .myself
第四章 形容词和副词
I.形容词：
18
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
1. 形容词的位置：
1) 形容词作定语通常前置（用通俗话说就是形容词修饰名词置于名词之前，如：beautiful girl），但在下列情况后置： 1 2 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成nobody absent(没人缺席), everything possible 的复合不定代词时（中考重点考查） 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible the only person awake a bridge 50 meters long a huge room simple and beautiful a man difficult to get on with 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 5 成对的形容词可以后置 6 形容词短语一般后置
2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序： 代词 冠词前的形容词 数词 性状形容词 冠词 指示代词 序数不定代词 词 代词所有格 the a this another your 基数词 性质 状态 大小 长短 形状 新旧 温度 颜色 国籍 产地 材料 质地 名词 all both such second one next four beautiful large good short poor square new black Chinese silk cool yellow London stone
口诀： 多个形容词修饰一个名词，形容词顺序为“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”，
复合形容词的构成：“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”。如：two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服。 此处提到基数词和序数词，那么基数词和序数词究竟怎么区分和变化的呢？有如下口诀： 两大数词基和序，前表数量后顺序。 构成先谈基数词，1至12请认真记。 13至19teen结尾齐，ty结尾表示几十。 若要表达几十几，几十短横1到9。 One hundred 一百记，若表几百几十几。几百 and几十几，基数规律上述里。 再把序数谈仔细，第一至三记。 第四至十九结尾th,第廿到九十有规律。 19
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
基数基础y变ieth。第几十几有特例，第几十由基数起，几用序数有道理。 第一百one hundred。若说第一百几十几。 One hundred and第几十几。 谈此即告一段落.序有缩式莫忘记，上述须用心体味。
1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 6 名词+形容词 7 名词+现在分词 8 名词+过去分词 9 数词+名词+ed 10 数词+名词 world-famous peace-loving snow-covered three-egged twenty-year 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 4 副词+现在分词 5 副词+过去分词 II. 副词
副词的分类： 1 2 3 4 时间副词 地点副词 方式副词 程度副词 hard-working newly-built soon, now, early, finally, once, always, often, frequently, seldom, 5 频度副词 recently never here, nearby, outside, upwards, above hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 8 关系副词 when, where, why III. 形容词和副词比较等级：
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。 规则变化如下:
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 3) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier
和-est 构成.如：happy-happier-happiest
4) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该
辅音字母然后再加-er和-est，如：big-bigger-biggest
5) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构
成,beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
形容词副词变比较级的口诀： 结尾直加-er,-est属一般，详细构成方法逐一来侃谈。 一辅音结尾重读闭音节看，辅音双写-er,-est是习惯。 辅音加y(ly)除外有型感，按照去y,-er,-iest方法办。 上述皆属单音部分双音段，下面把多音节规律来看看。 词前加more,most此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都谈完。 有些不规则变化请你记全。“双好”better,best记的宽。 “坏病”worse,worst莫记乱。“双多” more,most不用管 “老、远”两种形式别记篡，“有点”less,least记清盼。 形容词副词变最高级口诀：
20
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
最高级,也容易, 原级后面加est, 规则类同比较级, 提醒一点便可以； 其余双音、多音节, 前加most牢牢记。 还有一点要留意, 最高级前要用the； 若是副词最高级, 用不用the皆可以 比较等级的运用 原级用在as„as间， 比较级用在than前。 and连接两个比较级， 说明“越来越怎样”。 三者以上最高级， 副词前可不加the。 still，even，和much， 比较级前“更怎样”。 还有alot和alittle， 也常修饰比较级
常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
原级------比较级------最高级
ill/ bad→worse→worst; many/ much→more→most; good/well→better→best far→farther/further→farthest/furthest; old/older/elder→oldest/ eldest little→less→least
不规则变化口诀： 合二为一有三宝,
\"病坏\"\"两多\"与\"两好\一分为二有两,
一个\"远\"来一个\"老\"。 还有一个双含义,
只记\"少\"来别记\"小\"。
1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are. 2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…‖句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day. 5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
21
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.
6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favorite, excellent, extreme, perfect。 7. ed形容词与-ing 形容词的用法区别
1. 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened,
interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。 如：He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；
第二句中的 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音”，即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。
原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态),
appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等与显示某人的情感状况的名词。
2. 以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。 如；The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
◆陷阱题分析◆
1. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell ____. A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。
【分析】正确答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。
2. ―Our team is _____ to win the match.‖ ―Really? But I don’t think so.‖ A. Easy B. difficult C. Possible D. sure
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，因为假若单纯从中文意思来看，四个答案均说得通。 【分析】正确答案为D，A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯，easy 和difficult 后接不定式时，其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it，而不能是具体的人或物，除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。
3. Mary is very clever and _____ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _____ asleep in class.
A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast
【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。
22
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成 I very like English，而应说成 I like English very much，因为副词 very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是因为形容词 worth 和 asleep 习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰，而是分别用 well 和 fast修饰，即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事)，be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。
4. ―Could I take your order now?‖ ―Yes. One _____ tea and two _____ coffees.‖ A. black, white B. red, white C. black, green D.red,black 【陷阱】容易误选B或D。
【分析】按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是在英语中，人们虽然可直接用 green tea来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用 red tea 来表示“红茶”，汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是 black tea，所以第一空应填black，即选A或C。对于第二空，coffee 前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是 white 和 black，其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，black coffee 指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。
5. A ______ road goes ______ from one place to another.
A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight
【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly 是straight 的副词形式。
【分析】在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而straightly这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。
6. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best
【分析】最佳答案为A，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。这里涉及到感叹句，初中英语中感叹句怎么说，陈述句和感叹句之间怎样转化呢？ 有口诀了：
英语陈述变感叹两句套。 What 或How加其他成分表。 What [a(an)]形加名用的妙。剩余照写句末用感叹号。 How 后副和形是正确道， 其后照写感叹号堪称妙。
7. You are _____ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less
【分析】此题最佳答案为B。要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义： not more „ than = 不如„„
no more „ than = 和„„一样不 (否定两者)
not less „ than = 不如„„不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面) no less „ than = 和„„一样 (肯定两者) 比较以下各句的意思：
You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。 You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。
You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。 You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。 You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。
23
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
8. ―Oh, how fat he is!‖ ―But I think he is ____ than fat.‖
A. Short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest
【分析】其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起： (1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如： My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。
(2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是„„，而不是”、“与其„„不如„„”等。如： He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。
She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。
This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。 按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。
练习题
1. It was _____ opportunity to miss.
A. too good an B. a too good C. too a good D. too good 2. I don’t like it at all. It can’t be _____.
A. Better B. Worse C. best D. worst
3. There was nothing special about this film — it was only ______. A. Particular B. Average C. interesting D. strange 4. She looks very _____ but I can’t remember her name. A. Similar B. Familiar C. friendly D. strange 5. He said he would return the money, and I was ______.
A. fool enough to believe him B. enough fool to believe him C. fool enough believing him D. enough fool believing him
6. ―This book is ______ more useful for us students.‖ ―Yes, but it is _______ too difficult.‖ A. quite, quite B. much, rather C. rather, quite D. quite, much
7. The children all looked _____ at the broken model plane and felt quite _____. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad
8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _______ house in the forest. A. wooden pretty little B. little pretty wooden C. pretty little wooden D. wooden little pretty
9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _______ to read. A. something easy enough B. something enough easy C. enough easy something D. easy enough something
10. The doctor assured the patient that there was ______ with her, but she could not help worrying.
A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong 11. —How is your father?
—He’s fine. He’s______ to play tennis every Sunday. A. enough active still B. enough still active C. still active enough D. still enough active
24
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
12. —Did you wash your new suit in hot water? —Of course not. I am not ______ foolish.
A. Very B. That C. very much D. too 13.—Which team is _______ to win the game?
—I don’t know, but I’ve found _______ for ours to win.
A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly
14. He didn’t understand the _______ question, so there was a ______ expression on his face.
A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling
15. She can speak _______ in front of Mack, but she can’t eat ______ in his restaurant. A. free, free B. free, freely C. freely, free D. freely, freely
16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother. A. Close B. Closely C. closed D. closing
17. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he _______ passed the last exam.
A. Easily B. Hardly C. actually D. successfully
18. In my apartment there are two rooms, _____ is used as a living room.
A. larger one B. the larger of which C. the largest one D. the largest of which 19. ―Are you satisfied with his answer?‖ ―Not at all. It couldn’t have been ____.‖ A. Better B. Worse C. more D. less 20. I’m _____ at sums than Jean, but better at history. A. More B. Less C. worse D. cleverer
21. We couldn’t have picked ______ day for the picnic — it rained nonstop. A. a worse B. a worst C. the worse D. the worst
22. I know this is not quite the right word, but I can’t be bothered to think of _____. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the good 23. — Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Sorry to say I didn’t. It was ______ a meeting than a party.
A. more like B. quite like C. less like D. more or less 24. When they arrived at the school it was raining _______ harder. A. More B. Quite C. very D even
25. With the development of the Internet, _______ communication is done by regular mail.
A. Less B. More C. little D. few
26. — If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
— OK, but do you have ______ size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
27. If there were no examinations, we should have ______ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 28. This dress is prettier, but it costs ______ that one. A. twice more than B. twice as much as
25
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
C. as much twice as D. twice so much as
29.Lizzie was ________to see her friend off at the airport． A．a little more than sad B．more than a little sad C．sad more than a little D．a little more sad than
30.If you can’t come tomorrow，we’ll ______have to hold the meeting next week． A．yet B．even C．rather D．just
31.The husband gave his wife ________every mob山in order to please her． A．all half his income B．his half all income C．half his all income D．all his half income
32.The great success of this programme has been ________due to the support given by the local businessmen．
A．rather B．very C．quickly D．1argely
33.The number of people present at the concert was ________than expected．There were many tickets left．
A．much smaller B．much more C．much larger D．many more 34.John Smith，a successful businessman，has a _________car． A．1arge German white B．1arge white German C．white large German D．German large white
35.________students are required to take part in the boat race． A．Ten strong young Chinese B．Ten Chinese strong young C．Chinese ten young strong D．Young strong ten Chinese 36.The ________ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years． A．1ittle white wooden B．1ittle wooden white C．white wooden little D．wooden white little
37.When we plan our vacation，mother often offers ________suggestions． A．careful B．practical C．effective D．acceptable
38.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ________she was getting． A．heavier B．heavy C．the heavier D．the heaviest
39.He speaks English well indeed，but of course not ________a native speaker． A．as fluent as B．more fluent than
C．so fluently as D．much fluently than
40.In _________Chinese culture，marriage decisions were often made by parents for their
children．
A．traditional B．historic C．remote D．initial
41.Most people on this island are recreational fishers，and________，fishing forms an
actual part of their leisure time．
A．accidentally B．purposefully C．obviously D．formally 42.I must be getting fat--I can ________d0 my trousers up． A．fairly B．hardly C．nearly D．seldom 43.Mr. Smith used to smoke ________but he has given it up． A．seriously B．heavily C．badly D．hardly 44.Everyone Was on time for the meeting _________Chris，who’s usually ten minutes late for everything．
A．but B．only C．even D．yet
26
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
45.That doesn’t sound very frightening，Paul．I’ve seen ________．What did you like most about the film?
A．better B．worse C．best D．worst
46.I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is ___than John． A．more efficiently a worker B．a more efficient worker C．more an efficient worker D．a worker more efficiently
47._________，some famous scientists have the questions of being both careful and careless．
A．Strangely enough B．Enough strangely C．Strange enough D．Enough strange
48.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ____to carry all the way home． A．much too heavy B．too much heavy C．heavy too much D. too heavy much 49.Our neighbor has ________ours．
A．as a big house as B．as big a house as
C．the same big house as D．a house the same big as
50.We were in ________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets． A．a rush so anxious B．a such anxious rush C．so an anxious rush D．such an anxious rush
51.--I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a ear cut in and knocked me down． --You can never be ________careful in the street． A．much B．very C．so D．too 52.--You don’t look very ________．Are you ill? --No，I’m just a bit tired．
A．good B．well C．strong D．Healthy
53.Four of Robert’s children were at the party，including ________，Luke． A．the eldest B．an oldest one C．the old D．an old one
54.Many students signed up for the ________race in the sports meeting to be held next week．
A．800-metre-long B．800-metres-long C．800 metre length D．800 metres length
55.After supper she would sit down by the fire，sometimes for ________an hour，thinking
of her young and happy days．
A．as long as B．as soon as C．as much as D．as many as 56.Boris has brains．in fact．I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________IQ． A．a high B．a higher C．the higher D．the highest 57.All the people ________at the party were his supporters．
A．present B．thankful C．interested D．important
58.It was raining heavily．Little Mary felt cold，so she stood ________to her mother． A．close B．closely C．closed D．closing
59.As far as I am concerned．education is about learning and the more you learn，_________
A．the more for life are you equipped B．the more equipped for life yon am
C．the more life you are equipped for D．you are equipped the more for life
27
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
60 --I’m very ________with my own cooking．It looks nice and smells delicious． --Mm，it does have a ________smell．
A．pleasant；pleased B．pleased；pleased C．pleasant；pleasant D．pleased；pleasant
61.Two middle—aged passengers fell into the sea．_____，neither of them could swim． A．In fact B．Luckily C．Unfortunately D．Naturally
62.Americans eat ________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910． A．more than twice B．as twice as many
C．twice as many as D．more than twice as many
63.It is generally believed that teaching is ________it is a science． A．an art much as B．much an art as C．as an art much as D．as much an art as
.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further
we go，__________.
A．our holiday will be better B．our holiday will be the better C．the better our holiday will be D．the better will our holiday be 65.As I know，there is ________ car in this neighborhood． A．no such B．no a C．not such D．no such a
66.Many people have helped with canned food，however，the food bank needs ________for the poor．
A．more B．much C．many D．most
67.In that case，there is nothing you can do ________than wait． A．more B．other C．better D．any
68.I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) ________trick． A．ordinary B．easy C．smart D．simple
69. ______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills． A．Brave enough students B．Enough brave students C．Students brave enough D．Students enough brave
70.It’s always difficult being in a foreign country，________if you don’t speak the language.
A．extremely B．naturally C．basically D．especially
71.If you want to change for a double room you’11 have to pay ________8 15． A．another B．other C，more D．each
72.You’re standing too near the camera．Can you move ________?
A．a bit far B．a little farther C．a bit of farther D．a little far
第五章 介词
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。介词又叫做前置词，通常置于名词之前。它是一种虚词，不需要重读，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。
28
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
I.介词分类： 1 简单介词 2 合成介词 3 短语介词 4 双重介词 5 6 分词转化成的介词 形容词转化成的介词 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between considering(就而论), including like, unlike, near, next, opposite II. 常用介词区别： 1 表示时间的in, on, at 2 表示时间的since, from 3 表示时间的in, after 4 5 6 7 8 at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关（也就是具体指到某一天或者某一天的上午或者下午） since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始 in指在一段时间之后(表将来)，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中 表示地理位置的in, on, in表示在某范围内，on指与接壤，to指隔海相望，off表示与„to，off 有段距离 表示“在…上”的on, in 表示“穿过”的through, across on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分 through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关 表示“关于”的about, about指涉及到，on指专门论述 on between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间 Besides表示“除„外，还有„”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所9 besides与except的区别 “除去事物”在内。 except指“除了„之外”，不包含“除去部分”，不放在句首 10 表示“用”的in, with 11 as与like的区别 12 in与into区别 with表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音 as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“象…一样”，指情形相似 in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置 29
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
初中介词的几大辨析总结：
一．时间介词的用法辨析
1，时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析
介词in用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morning 介词on用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间。如：on a rainy day 介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：at noon
介词by表示„的时候、到、等到„已经等用在天、时间的前面。如：by 2 o‘clock 2，时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
介词in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go to school in two weeks.
介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如：My mother came home after half an hour. 介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go out for a walk after supper. 3，时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如：I have been living here for 10 years.
介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如：I have been living here since 2000. 4，时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：He swims every day during the summer. 如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：I haven’t seen her for years. 5，时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在„之前”如：He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到„时为止，不迟于„”如：The work must be finished by Friday. 6，时间介词till与until用法的异同 till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到„为止”，如：I will wait till（until）seven o'clock． till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在„以前”或“直到„才”。 如：Tom didn't come back till（until）midnight．
till多用于普通文体，而 until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till。 如：Until he comes back，nothing can be done． 7，不用介词表达时间的几种情况
当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning 当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如：next Sunday 当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday 当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day.
时间名词前所用介词的速记歌
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。 at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to， 说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记， 莫让岁月空蹉跎。
30
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
二．方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析 1，方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table. 介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在„上方”，如：Is there any bridge over the river?
介词above表示一般的“高于„”，“在„之上”，如：There was an electric clock above his bed.
方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在„下方”，如：They were seen under the tree. 介词below是above的反义词即“低于„”，“在„之下”，如：They live below us. 2，方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。 如：She went across the street to make some purchases. 介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。 如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.
介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someone has just gone past the window. 3，方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析
介词in表示“排、行、组”，如：We are in Team One. 介词on表示“左、右”，如：Li Ping is on my left.
介词at表示“前、后”，如：I sit at the front of the classroom. 4，方位介词to、for的用法辨析
介词to表示目的地或去的目的，如：Wil you take a train to Tianjian. 介词for表示动身去某地，如：He got on a train for Shanghai. 5，地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village. 介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing. 6，地点介词at与on的用法辨析
介词at用于门牌号，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road. 介词on用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road. 7，地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S. 介词to表示“没接触”如：France lies to the south of England. 三．其他易混介词的用法辨析
1，动作介词to与toward的用法辨析
介词to表示向某处移动，如：They were driving to work together. 介词toward 表示移向某处，如：We're moving toward the light. 2，原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析
介词because表示“因为；由于”指直接的、明确的原因，用来回答why的问句，语气最强。
如：The boy was absent because he was ill.
介词as表示“由于；鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。
31
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
如：She stayed at home as she had no car.
介词for表示 “因为；由于”指一种间接原因，甚至只是一种附带的说明。 如：It must have rained last night, for the road is wet. 3，材料介词of和from的用法
介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时，如：The desk is made of wood. 介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时，如：Wine is made from grapes. 4，表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析
介词in表示“用材料、语言”如：Can you say it in English? 介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：with a pen
介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过„方法”如：He prefers traveling by car. 5，介词between与among的用法辨析
介词between 表示“在两者之间”如：Don’t sit between the two girls.
介词among表示“在„当中（三者或以上）”如：They lived among the mountains in the past.
6，介词besides与except的用法辨析
介词besides表示“除„之外（全部计算在内）”如：We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.
介词except表示“除„之外（不计算在内）”如：We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.
I例句：
1,____________________________________________________________ 2,____________________________________________________________ 3,____________________________________________________________ 4,____________________________________________________________ 5,____________________________________________________________ 6,____________________________________________________________ II例句：
1,____________________________________________________________ 2,____________________________________________________________ 3,____________________________________________________________ 4,____________________________________________________________ 5,____________________________________________________________ 6,____________________________________________________________ 7,____________________________________________________________ 8,____________________________________________________________ 9,____________________________________________________________ 10,___________________________________________________________ 11,___________________________________________________________ 12,___________________________________________________________
1.---When will Mr Black come to Beijing? ---___________ September 5. A. On B. To C. At D. In
答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。
32
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
2.The boys felt sad as they lost ________ the girls in the talk show. A. by B. in C. to D. on
答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。
3 ---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.
---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident. A. and B. or C. so D. but
答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。 4. John fell asleep ________ he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as
答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用while。因此应选C。 例题
例一， The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre ________
6:30 pm at the latest.
A. after B. around C. until D. by
选D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院”，C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止”，均不合题意。B项干扰性最强，around意为“左右，大约”, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C项by是not later than(不迟于)之意，整合题意。
例二， They held a ceremony ________ those killed in the battle.
A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of
选A。in honour of意为“为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为纪念”；instead of意为“代替; 而不是”；in favor of意为“赞成；支持”；by means of意为“通过; 用; 借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为A。
例三. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing ________ at home.
A. but to read B. but read C. besides reading D. except to read
选B，nothing but是固定结构，意思是“除了„外不再„”,后接动词原形
例四. Write your name and address on your bag ________ you lose it.
A. in any case B. in case C. in no case D. in that case
选B。in any case意为“在任何情况下”；in case意为“以防万一，如果”；in no case意为“决不”；in that case意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。
33
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
例五. — ________ did the professor give you much advice?
— The choice of a career.
A. On what B. In what C. What D. For what
选A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于„的建议”应用介词on。 例六. I made coat ________ my own hands. It was made ________ hand not with a machine.
A.in; in B.in; with C.with; by D. with; with 选C，by hand意为“用手工”；with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段，如He hit it with a stone.
例七. He is running ________ the wind towards the east of the station ________ Tom
running ________ the right.
A. down; and; on B. against; with; on C. for; with; in D. with; while; to
选B。against the wind“逆风”；on the right意为“在后边”；介词with与一个复合结构构成短语，用作状语，说明状态、方式等。
例八. Not all of us know the difference ________ wheat, oats and barley.
A. among B. between C. from D. in
B。一般说来，between用于两者之间，among表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间的关系，适用于between. 如：The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差别时总是用between. 例九. The young singer is quite popular ________ the public. She’s made a remarkable
achievement ________ a girl of her age. A. with; to B. to; for C. with; for D. for; to
选C，词组be popular with意为“受„欢迎”，for“就„而论，比较„而言”。
例十. The apple trees have lots of big apples ________ them. And some birds are
singing ________ the trees. A. in; on B. at; in C. on; in D. with; through
选C，介词on意为“在„之上，依附于”；in意为“(表场所，位置)在„„之内 / 上”in the tree 译为“在树上”。也有这样解释本题的，作为树本身部分表示“在树上”的用on,其他非树本身部分的在树上要用in
例十一. That woman will quarrel ________ everybody ________ anything.
A. about; about B. about; with C. with; about D. with; with
34
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
选C。quarrel with sb. about / over意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休。”
例十二. The weather this month has been good ________ .
A. on the whole B. generally speaking C. above all D. on one hand
选A。on the whole意为“总的来说；从总体上看”；generally speaking“一般说来”；above all意为“首先，最重要的”；on one hand意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的”
例十三. We should divide all the potatoes ________ two piles and separated the good
ones ________ the bad ones.
A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into
B。divide„into和separate„from都有“把„„分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”，后者指“把连在一起的分开”。
例十四. They said the building would be completed ________ a year.
A. after B. for C. in D. about
选C。in, after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中；after 用于一般过去时，如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后，则不受时态的。
例十五. — These boxes are too heavy for me to carry.
— Here, I’ll give you a hand ________ them. A. for B. to C. with D. by
C。答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing
sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。 习题 1
1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on 2 -There is nothing tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up
3，A lot of students in our school were born ____ March, 1981.
A. in B. at C. on D. since
4 Tim suddenly returned____ a rainy night.
35
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A. on B. at C. in D. during
5 My grandfather was born ____ Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of
6 The train is starting ___ five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D. still
7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on 2
1 The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years. A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past 2 We returned to our hometown___.
A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week 3 Great changes have taken place___.
A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year 3
1 Children wake up very early ____ the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at
2 ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. A. In B. On C. At D. For
3 It happened to be very cold____ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of
4 Why did you get up so early ___ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in 4
1 He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year.
A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; in 2 Lucy was born____ the night of May 12, 1984. A. on B. in C. at D. to
3 Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996. A. on B. of C. to, D. in
4 ___ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning ___Joe Hill.
A. On; to B. In; of C. On; for D. At; for 5 Ann moved ___ Hangzhou___ September, 1992. A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D. in; in 6 They started off___ an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on 5
1 He often goes ____ school ____ six thirty ____ the morning. A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to 2 He arrived ___ Shanghai ___ 9: 30 ___ March 5. f
A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on
36
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
3 The English teacher told me to get there____ half past ten. A: in B. at C. on D. of
4 The children get up ___ 6 o'clock. A. at B. on C. during D. in 6
1 The doctor worked___ five hours___ a rest.
A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without
2 I worked on the problem ____ a long time and I worked it out____ myself____ last. A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the 3 A new factory will be set up___ a years later. A. for B. in C. after D. on
4 Two years___ he began to write another story-book. A. after B. later; C. in D. late
5 We will finish the picture a day. A. in B. on C. after D. on
6 The workers had been____ strike ____ almost a month. A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during
7 Mr. Brown had lain ____ the ground ____ four hours before they finally found him. A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during 7
1 The teacher is coming back___ an hour. A. after B. for C. in D. before
2 She lived in the mountain village____ the years 1940-1950. A. between B. during C. in D. since
3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing____ two days. A. after B. in C. on D. before
4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ____ the end. A. by B. at C. in D. on 8
7 Mary had finished her homework____ the time I got home. A. until B. by C. at D. when
2 We stayed at the lab___ our teacher returned. A. till B. by C. during D. while
3 They didn't leave the station___ they get on the train. A. until B. by C. after y D. at 9
1 Don't worry. He will return____.
A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago 2 There lived an old man, fishing at sea____.
A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon 3 It was not _____ they came back.
A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after 4 I was told that his uncle had gone to France . A. long before -B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago
37
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
10
1 ___ Tom gets up at five in the morning.
A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times 2 I remember we met each other___ last year.
A. Sometime' B. some times C. some time D. sometimes 3 Mary and I have been to the Great Wall,___.
A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times
4 He studied English for ____ in London, and then he went to America. A. sometimes B. sometime new C. some time D. some times 11
1 I don't like to sit ___ Tom's right. I would like to sit ___ the back row. A. on; in B. in; on C. on; at D. at; on
2 There is a brook____ red flowers and green grass___ both sides. A. of with B. with; on C. of; at D. with; in
3 There are many trees ___ of the road! And ____ of the trees is growing larger and larger.
A. on both side; a number B. on each sides; a number C. on both sides; the number D. on every side; the number 12
1 The plane is flying _____.
A. in the sky B. in. the air C. in space D. in sky 2 There is a sweet smell___.
A. in the air B. in the open air C. in the sky D. in the space 3 We held an interesting party___.
A. in the air B. in the sky C. in the open air D. in space 4 Seen from___, the earth appears to be a big blue ball. A. the space B. space C. a space D. this space 13
1 Tom sits ____ the classroom while John sits ____ the room.
A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back of C. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of 2 Lucy sits____ the third row, ____Jim's left. A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on
3 Jiangsu is___ the east of China, but Japan is ___ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on 14
1. -Can I look up a word____ your dictionary?
-I haven't got ____ me.
A. into; about B. in; with C. at; in D. on; on 2 1 like moon-cakes ____ meat ____ them.
A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in
3 When you are ___ trouble please ask help ___ us. A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of
4 The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes____ your size.
38
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A. about B. in C. to D. of
5 I saw him___ hurry at the moment. A. in a B. in C. on D. on a 15
1 He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at 2 There is a door___ the wall. \"t a ^nc A. on B. to C. of D. in
3 This kind of VCD is made____ China. . A. in B. from C. at D. on
4 Any man ___ eyes______ his head can see that he's exactly like a rope. A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with 16
1 There are some birds singing___ the trees. A. in B. on C. at D. from
2 Don't read ____ the sun. It's bad ___ your eyes. A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to D. in; on 3 The woman____ a blue dress is my teacher. A. in B. on C. of D. at
4 There are so many apples___ that tree. A. in JB, on C. at , D. from 17
1 The boat is passing___ the bridge.
A. through B. below C. under D. across 2 Two planes are flying___ the city.
A. through B. over , C. on , D, below
3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill, .; , A. under B. below C. over D. on
4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above 18
1 The United States is ____ the south of Canada and ___ the east of Japan. A. to; in B. on; to C. in; beside D. at; on
2 My hometown lies___ the city. ___ I often go to the city by bike. A. 50 miles in the east; However B. to the east 40 miles of; But C. in the east 45 miles from; But D. 35 miles east of; However 3 The man stood ____ the window, watching the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. with D. to
4 Japan lies____ the east of China. A. on B，to C. in D. with 19
1 Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ___? A. through B. across C. on D. in
2 A mother camel was walking ___ her son ___ the desert.
39
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A. without; along B. with; through C. next to; pass D. beside; through 3 The river runs____ the city.
A. across B. through C. over D. from
4 It took us over an hour to walk____ this street. A. from B. through C. over D. across 20
1 Uncle Wang arrived____ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago. A. at B. in C., to ^ D. /
2 Did your friend send you something ___ the end of last week? A. at B. by C. in D. to
3 The monument____ those heroes stands____ the foot of the mountain. A. of; at B. to; on C. for; by D. to; at 4 My uncle lives ____ 88 Beijing Street. A. to B. of C. at D. on
5 They are waiting ___ a bus ___ the bus stop. A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at D. for; at 21
1 Wood is of ten made___ paper. A. by B. from C. of D. into
2 ___ research ___ the universe scientists have put a lot of information ___ computers.
A. With; over; at B.\" On; at; to C. In; about; into D. For; with; through 3 When a piece of ice is taken ____ a warm room, it gets smaller and smaller until ___ the end it disappears completely.
A. in; in B. out of; at C. into; in D. to; by 4 A woman fell ___ the boat ___ the water.
A. off; into B. at; below C. down; under D. away; in 22
1 The tables in the restaurant are so close together that there's hardly any room to move ___ them.
A. among B. between C. in the middle of D. at the centre of 2 English is widely used for business____ different countries. A. between B. to C. for D. on
3 Is there any difference ____ these two sentences? A. for B. in C. among D. between
4 We visited him at his workplace ___ the young trees and ask him about his work. A. in B. among C. between D. at
5 There is the difference___ Chinese food and American food. A. from B. at C. between D. by
6 The police station is ___ the clothing shop ___ the post office. A. between; and B. among; and C. near; of D. on; right 7 He is ____ the greatest scientists in the world. A. among B. between C. in D. of 23
40
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
7 There is a book-store ___ our house. A. at B. through C. across D. near
2 Our headmaster showed the visitors ____ our school. A. to B. for C. around -; D. near 3 The moon is the ___ to the earth.
A. closed B. near C. nearest D. close 24
1 We have classes every day ____ Sunday.
A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for 2 Nobody knew it ____ me.
A. but B. beside C. besides D. without
3 What do you spend your time on ___ work and study? A. except B. besides C. but D. without
4 Do you know any other foreign language____ English. A. without B. beside C. besides D. except
5 We need fifteen more people ____ the twenty of us to do the job. A. besides B. and C. except D. without
6 No one knew where Mr. Smith lived____ his daughter. A. besides B. and C, only D. except 25
1 _____ the help of the teacher, Tom has made rapid progress ____ his studies. A. For; at B. Of; for C. By; on D. With; in 2 The children are interested ___this subject. A. to B. with C. in D. at 3 His mother often helps him ___ English so he does better ___ English than others. ; A. with; in B. on; in C. in; with D. with; at 4 I've lost my interest____ physics. A. in B. on C. at D. for
5 He drove away___ the direction of London. A. in B. at C. to D. for
6 The letter was written ___ ink. A. with B. in C. by D. at 26
1 ___ the money, she bought a new coat ___ her father. A. With; for B. With; to C. For; with D.To; with 2 Wei Hua gets on well ___ her classmates. A. with B. in C. to D. at
3 There is something wrong___ my bike. A. at B. in C，on D. with
4 They are filling their bags____ books and other things. A. in B. with C. of D. by
5 When the teacher heard us talking in class, he was very angry ____ A. to B. with C. for D. of
6 We usually cover the Christmas trees ____ colour lights.
41
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A. in B. use C. for D. with 27
1 -His sudden death surprised his wife.
-It was so bad. His wife was surprised ____ his death. A. by B. with C. at D. on
2 Don't laugh____ him, he only made a small mistake. A. at B. to C. about D. over
3 The boy cried out ___ the top of his voice. A. at B. in C. on D. to 28
1 We Chinese people are all___ our motherland .
A. famous for B. proud of C. busy with D. good at 2 The beautiful bottle was made ____ glass. A. from B. in C. of D. by 3 This is a map___ China. A. in B. at C. of D. on
4 A group___ boys and girls are dancing in the park. A. with B. of C. for D. to 29
1 They are getting ready____ fly____ England____their holiday. A. for; to; to B. to; to; for C. for; for; to D. to; to; to 2 What did you have ___ breakfast?
A. at B. as C. for D. about
3 They were invited to an important ball ____ the first time ____ their lives.
A. for; in B. at; in C. on; for D. in; with 4 Tom always comes late____ school.
A. at . B. inside C. to D. for
5 Mr. Smith caught hold___ Bob and said, \"This is a good lesson___ you. A. of; for B. for; of C. of; of D. for; for 6 The shop___ clothes is the right side ___ the street.
A. of; at; beside B. for; on; at C. for; on; of D. of; in; of
第六章 动词
I.动词的时态：
1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 一般 进行 完成 完成进现在时 ask / asks 过去时 asked 将来时 shall/will ask 过去将来时 should/would ask should/would be asking am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking have/has asked have/has been had asked had been asking shall/will have asked should/would have asked shall/will have been should/would have been 42
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
行 asking asking asking 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：
I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)
2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如： I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住) I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关） 3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have read that book.我读过那本书了。
I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。 4. 一般将来时的表达方式： 1 将来时 will/shall+动词原形 用法 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 例句 My sister will be ten next year. It’s going to clear up. be going to+动词原含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，2 We’re going to have a party 形 或表示很有可能要发生某事 tonight. be + doing 进行时3 表示将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等He is moving to the south. 词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的Are they leaving for Europe? 动作 I was about to leave when the 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的bell rang. 动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 The meeting is about to close. 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. be about to + 动词4 原形 5 be to + 动词原形 The meeting starts at five 一般现在时表示将时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事o’clock. 6 The plane leaves at ten this 来 情，可用一般现在时表示将来 evening. II. 动词的被动语态： 常用被动语态 构成 6 43
常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
2 一般过去时 was/were asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 7 8 9 10 现在完成时 have/has been asked 过去完成时 had been asked 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如： Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。（也就是It在这里做形式主语）如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… 注 It must be pointed out that… 意 It is supposed that… 事 It is reported that… 项 It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing.（need doing常考） The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 动词部分常见的疑难考点有如下口诀：
动词do用法口诀 实动表示“做、干”，现在时态看“单三”。 简略答语可用do，代替“上述”免重复。 Don’t do sth..构否定，Do sb. do疑问型。 助动词用法口诀 新添助动词很重要，时态人称一肩挑， 44
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
句型转换打头阵，谓语还原要记牢。 have/has用法口诀 动词have表示“有”，位置就在主语后。 “三单”主语用has，其他人称have留。 一般问句两法变： 一是把它提向前，或者句首do来添。 否定句子也一样，就看not怎么放。 （1）谓语be的用法 我用am，你用are 除此之外的单数 包括他她还有它 统统都是用is 我们你们和他们 只要复数都用are （2)一般疑问句和否定句的变化 一般问句并不难， 谓语调到主语前。 大写小写有变化， 句末要把问号加。 第一人称常变二。 否定句就更简单， 中间加上一not， 谓语动词提到前。 （3)现在进行时很好记， 结构be＋动词ing。 be由主语来决定， 句中常用标志词， now，look，listen！ （4)一般现在时， 肯定句的现在式。 不是三单用原形， 是三单就加s，es， 若是否定疑问句， 没有be就加个do， 碰到三单加does。 如把does加在前， 动词就要还原形。 （5)一般过去时， 肯定句的过去式。 规则动词加ed，
45
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
不规则的必须记。 否定形式疑问句， 没有be加did。 如把did加在前， 动词也要还原形。 （6）后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词 一些动词要掌握，have, let和make, 此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see， 还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细， 后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记 除此之外，还可以掌握“八字言”， 一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch
动词以及非谓语部分是初中英语乃至整个英语学习的核心内容，重中之重，那么接下来我们就以例题的形式来回顾下近些年中考动词部分考查的考点 例一
----How long may I ____ the book? ---- For two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. buy D. keep
这里涉及到几个“借”。首先根据后面的回答，是两个星期，那么说明问的就是我能借这本书多久,那么这四个答案中C答案是买，不对，A，B，C的区别在哪里呢？请同学们记住：borrow表示的是“借来”，是从别人那借到自己这。Lend是“借出去”，强调的是自己借给别人。而keep强调的则是借的时间的长短，所以答案是D 例二
She likes traveling by air but it ____ too much. A. pays B. costs C. takes D. spends
这里是几个“花费”的区别，pay指的是“为…付款”，常考sb pay for sth，某人为什么而付款。 cost的主语是物或某种活动，表示的时某个物品或者某件事花费了某人多少钱或者多少时间，常考sth cost sb st / sm。Take 在做花费讲的时候固定的句型是it takes sb st/sm to do sth 。spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构： (1) spend time ／money on sth. 在„„上花费时间（金钱）。(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。 例三
My mother used to ____ me two stories at least before I went to bed. A. say B. speak C. tell D. stalk
在初中阶段，这四个词不需要去讲的太复杂，大家记住以下的就是了：speak+语言 , eg : speak English 。 talk+介词 , eg : talk to ,talk with ,talk about 。 say+说话内容, eg : say it in English 。 tell+双宾语，tell sb to do sth, 所以此题选择C 例四
We ____ carefully but we could ____ nothing.
A. heard; listen B. heard; listen to C. listened; hear D. listened to; hear
46
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
这里需要明白，listen to 强调的是“听的动作”，而hear强调的是“听得结果”，这句话的意思是：我很认真的听了，但是什么也听不到。，所以前者强调的是听得动作，后者是结果，所选C，那么同学查查看“看”的动作和结果分别是什么？“找”的动作和结果？ 例五
The old man asked his son to ____ the new word himself in a dictionary. A. look for B. look up C. look at D. look into
本题考查的是几个look的经典短语，look for,寻找，look up查询（查字典），look at 看 Look into是调查 例六
Although her grandmother ____ for about five years, she still misses her very much. A. has died B. dead C. died C. has been dead
这里与其说考得是“死”这个单词，不如说是考得完成时的用法，die是一个瞬间动词，不能与完成时连用的，所以本题虽然有for about five years这么一个完成时的标志，不过还是不能用完成时，所以本题选C 例七
Be careful , Jane. Don’t ______ your hands dirty.
A. get B. keep C. have D. let
答案是C，这类动词常见的有：have , let , make , get , keep , drive , send , leave , cause等，它们后边分别可跟不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语、名词等作宾语补足语。如： I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long. 对不起，让你久等了。 The victory sent our spirits rising. 胜利使得我们情绪高涨。 例八
① She asked him ______ her up at six o’clock in the morning. A. wake B. to wake C. waking D.woken
② Li lei is often made ______a lot of homework at home.
A. do B. does C. to do D. washing
[分析]①选B。ask后跟带 to 的不定式作宾补。②选C。 make之后要求跟省略to 的不定式作宾补。注意：变成被动语态时不定式符号to 要补上。
[归纳]常见的带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,tell,want,would like,wish,like,teach等；省略to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,look at 等感官动词及表示使役概念的have,let,make等。这类动词在变为被动语态时，其后的不定式符号to需补上。 例九
They decided _______ at the end of this month.
A.to leave B.going back C.travel D. not start out [分析]选A 。decide后跟带to的不定式作宾语。
[归纳]此类动词教材中常见有：want , wish, hope,manage , promise ,refuse , pretend ,plan,offer ,decide ,agree ,expect等。又如： He refused to take any money. 他拒绝收取分文。 例十
Would you mind ______ a few minutes ?
A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting [分析]选D。mind后只能跟动名词，不跟不定式。
47
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
[归纳]此类动词教材中常见的有：appreciate , suggest , complete , finish , enjoy , imagine , mind , miss , practice , keep , excuse , avoid , pardon ,allow等。如： I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education . 我非常钦佩她献身教育的精神。
Do you mind my asking a question ? 我问你一个问题你不会介意吧？
形式主动，意义被动的词常见的有：work , open , close , write , cut , look , teach , operate , run , keep , burn , last等，此类词的主语常为物，而且还常与表示表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well , easily , long等连用。如： The clothing sells well .
This kind of fruit can keep long . 例十一
Remember ______ your homework here tomorrow . A. to bring B. to take C. bringing D. taking [分析]选A。remember后既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词。跟不定式表示：“记住要干某事”，跟动名词表示“记得干过某事”。
[归纳]有些动词后既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，常用的有：love , like , hate , prefer , intend , start , continue等。如：
I intend to finish / finishing the task this morning .
有些动词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词，但意义上有区别,常用的有forget , remember , mean , regret , stop , try等。如：
I forgot to close the window . 我忘记了要关窗户。 I forgot to closing the window . 我忘记了已关了窗户。 例十二
“We must keep _______ in the library,”the woman said to me _______.
A. quiet ; quietly B. quietly ; quietly C. quietly : quiet D. quiet ; quiet [分析]选A。keep 是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，修饰动词said 应用副词。
[归纳]这类动词不能单独构成动词词组，其后须带有表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing 、V-ed）构成表语结构。教材中常见的有： feel , sound , taste , look , smell , seem , appear , become , turn , grow , make , go , run , keep , stay等。如： It sounded like a train that was going under my home . 听起来像有火车在我房子下面飞驰而过。 Keep fit , study hard and work well . 身体好，学习好，工作好。 例十三
When they walked along the river , they suddenly heard somebody _______ for help. A. called B. to call C. calling D. calls
[分析]选C。“ have + 宾语 + 过去分词（宾补）”表示“叫某人干某事”。
[归纳]此类动词教材中有：get , keep , have , leave , find , see , notice , hear等。如： The cheats had the lights burning all night long .
Yeaterday Xiao Ming had his hair cut , I hardly recognized him . 例十四
If you don’t know a word , you must ______ the word in a dictionary . A. look up B. look down C. look down D. look out
48
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
[分析]选A。 look up在（字/词典里）查找；look down向下看；look over 仔细检查；look out 向外看。
[归纳]教材中此类动词数量较大。如：act as 充当；believe in 相信；deal with 处理；lead to 导致；refer to 提到； send for 派人前往；die out 灭绝；set off 出发； warm up 暖和起来； make fun of 取笑； make friends with 与„„交朋友；get along with 与„„相处； look forward to 期望；do away with 废除等。又如： We must look into the matter immediately. 我们必须马上调查此事。
The old should learn from the young and keep up with the times . 老年人应向青年人学习，跟上时代发展的步伐。 例十五
Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let’s join them. A. are talking B. talk
C. will talk D. talked
这个题考查的是英语动词的时态问题，一个listen道出了本题的突破口，“听”是一个瞬间动词，表示接下的动作是“听”的那一瞬间正在发生的，所以本题选进行时，A 例十六
Our teacher, Miss Li, ________English on the radio the day bore yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught
The day before yesterday是本题的突破口，表示的是“前天”，是过去，所以用过去式，这就提醒我们，初中的时态考察题都是有很明显的时态选择标志的 例十七
Coffee is ready. How nice it ________ ! Would you like some? A. smell B. smells C. feel D. feels
首先要辨别出smell和feel的区别，咖啡只能闻，不能感觉，所以先排除C，D，接下来就是考察一般现在时，it是第三人称单数形式，需要使用“三单现”形式，所以这里选择B 例十八
Mr Li ________ us English next term
A,will teach B, would teach C,should teach D,taught next term 是下学期，表示未来，选A 例十九
A talk on Chinese history ________ in the school next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
首先这里的“next week”道出了本题时态为将来时，所以A，B排除，由于此处主语是一个汉语报告会，它自己不能发出演讲这个动作，所以选择被动，C
课后练习
1. ----How long may I ____ the dictionary? ---- For two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. buy D. keep
2. ----Do you think our basketball team will win the match? ----They have better players, but I still ____ our team to win.
49
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A. hope B. ask C. help D. expect
3. Mrs Zhao doesn’t know what time it is because she has ____her watch in the hotel. A. stayed B. forgot C. left D. took
4. She likes traveling by air but it ____ too much. A. pays B. costs C. takes D. spends 5. I don’t like this skirt. Please ____ me another. A. show B. try C. put D. look
6. It ____ me about two days to finish reading the novel. A. used B. took C. paid D. spent
7. Do you know the boy ____ under the gig tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
8. My mother used to ____ me two stories at least before I went to bed. A. say B. speak C. tell D. stalk 9. ---- May I speak to Alan, please?
----I’m afraid he isn’t in. Would you like to ____ a message? A. take B. tell C. write D. leave
10. We had twenty miles to walk to ____ the nearest railway station. A. get B. arrive C. reach D. return 11. I’m hungry. I’d like something to ____. A. see B. read C. eat D. drink
12. We ____ carefully but we could ____ nothing.
A. heard; listen B. heard; listen to C. listened; hear D. listened to; hear 13. Can she ____ the difference between the two words? A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell
14. There’s going to ____ an English Speech Competition in our school next Friday. A. have B. be C. open D. hold
15. ----Do you like the songs sung by Backstreet Boys? ----Yes. They ____ really beautiful.
A. feel B. sound C. listen D. hear
16. My computer doesn’t ____. Can you ____ for me?
A. use; save it B. move; fix it C. walk; repair it D. work; fix it up 17. All of us helped her with her English, so she didn’t ____. A. fall off B. fall down C. fall behind D. fall over 18. ____ my father’s help, I learned to ride the bicycle. A. Thank to B. Thank for C. Thank D. Thanks to
19. The old man asked his son to ____ the new word himself in a dictionary. A. look for B. look up C. look at D. look into
20. Jonny came here to ____ that everything was all right. A. think over B. look over C. try out D. make sure
21. It is quite warm in the room. Why don’t you ____ your coat? A. take away B. take out C. take off D. take down 22. There are some apples under the tree. Please ____.
A. put them up B. put up them C. pick up them D. pick them up 23. I think teachers are the most hardworking people. Do you ____ me?
50
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A. go on with B. catch up with C. agree with D. laugh at 24. Be careful! Don’t ____ your mother’s glasses to the ground. A. drop B. fall C. make D. throw
25. He could ____ neither Chinese nor Japanese, so I ____ with him in English. A. say; spoke B. talk; told C. speak; talked D. tell; talked 26. Hurry up, or you will ____ the ship. A. catch B. take C. lose D. miss 27. Please ____ before you cross the road.
A. look up B. look yourself C. look around D. look again 28. Finally, the plane ____ safely at the airport in Chicago. A. took B. stopped C. landed D. reached
29. Although her grandmother ____ for about five years, she still misses her very much. A. has died B. dead C. died C. has been dead
30. ----I’m afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please ____ him to ____? ----Sure. A. make; turn it off B. allow; turn it on C. ask; turn it down D. keep; turn it up 31. ----Can I ____ your motorbike? ----Yes, of course. But you mustn’t ___ it to others. A. have; borrow B. borrow; lend C. carry; lend D. use; keep
32. Lucy, could you please help me ____ the map on the wall? We need it now. A. put away B. put on C. put off D. put up 33. He ____ hard and finally ____ the language well.
A. studied; learned B. learned; studied C. learns; learned D. studies; studied 34. ----This car was ____ Tokyo. ----Oh, how cool it looks! A. made by B. made of C. made into D. made in
35. The headteacher asked the students to stop ___ and ____ to her.
A. to talk; listened B. talking; listen C. talking; listening D. to talk; listen 36. The little boy ____ the wall and hurt his leg.
A. fell of B. fall from C. fell off D. fall down
37. The train leaves at 10:20, and it’s ten o’clock now. I think we shall ____ it. A. take B. make C. have D. meet
38. My sister ____ in America. I’ll ____ with her for a few days this summer. A. lives; stay B. stay; live C. stay; stay D. lives; live
39. I often ____ my friends but seldom write back to them because I’m too busy. A. hear of B. hear about C. hear from D. hear
40. Mr Black has visited the Summer Palace. I am going to ____ him somewhere else this afternoon.
A. take B. bring C. push D. carry
41. ----Will you please ____ the article to me this evening?
----What about tomorrow? My computer doesn’t work today. A. have B. answer C. take D. e-mail
42. I didn’t go to the park yesterday because my mother asked me to ____ the sick dog at home.
A. look at B. look through C. look after D. look like 43. The doctor advised my father to ____smoking. A. open up B. put up C. give up D. make up
51
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
44. I ____ boiled water ____ beverage.
A. like; than B. prefer; to C. prefer; than D. like; to
45. If we can ____ the football team from Class 1, we will ____ the first place. A. beat; beat B. win; beat C. beat; win D. win; win 46. I ____ him to get to the hospital as soon as possible. A. wish B. hope C. think D. let
47. He tried to ____ the words on the blackboard, but he couldn’t ____ them clearly. A. have a look; see B. see; look C. look at; see D. see; look at 48. The girl was ____ her pet dog while her mother was ____ the violin. A. playing; playing B. playing; playing with
C. playing with; playing D. playing with; playing with 49. The little girl ____a new pair of pants today.
A. dresses B. puts on C. is dressed D. is wearing
50. Linda ____ at ten last night and soon ____ because she was too tired. A. fell asleep; went to bed B. slept; went to bed C. went to bed; fell asleep D. fell asleep; slept 51. This poem ____ his new book.
A. comes across B. comes from C. comes by D. comes over to 52. Miss Brown isn’t here she ____ London.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. was in
53. The earth is our home. We must ____ the land, air and water clean. A. change B. share C. notice D. keep 54. You should ____ your voice.
A. keep out B. keep down C. keep fit D. keep silence
第七章 情态动词
I.
情态动词基本用法： 情态动词 can 用法 否定式 疑问式与简答 could 能力（体力，智力，技能） can not / cannot /can’t Can…do…? 允许或许可（口语中常用） do Yes,…can. No,…can’t. 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句couldn’t do 或疑问句中） 可以（问句中表示请求） 可能，或许（表推测） 祝愿（用于倒装句中） may not do might not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. Do…have to do…? may might must have to
必须，应该（表主观要求） must not/mustn’t do 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测） 只好，不得不（客观的必须，don’t have to do 52
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
有时态人称变化） Yes,…do. No,…don’t. ought to Ought…to do…? 应当（表示义务责任，口语中ought not to/oughtn’t Yes,…ought. to do 多用should No,…oughtn’t. 将要，会 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 应当，应该（表义务责任） 本该（含有责备意味） Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. Should…do…? Will…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. shall shall not/shan’t do should will would dare should not/shouldn’t do will not/won’t do 意愿，决心 请求，建议，用在问句中wouldwould not/wouldn’t 比较委婉 do 敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中） dare not/daren’t do need 需要 必须（常用于否定句和疑问句need not/needn’t do 中） used to 过去常常（现在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测： 以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。 1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。
He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.
2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。 He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.
3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。
The weather in that city could be cold now.
We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生） Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中) III. 情态动词注意点：
1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法
53
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。 2. used to和would:
used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。
3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：
两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…? 做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do
情态动词记忆口诀: 情态动词两要点; 动词原形跟后面, can表\"能力\"may\"许可\must\"责任\"或\"义务\否定回答\"needn't\"换; should\"应该\愿\have to \"被迫\"表客观.
四川广元学生注意了：
广元中考经常考查must,can,could,maybe这几个词 Must主要考他引起的句子否定回答用needn’t Can主要考查的就是他后面动词用原形 Could考查的是比can更委婉
need是考查need做情态动词和实义动词的确别，
do not need 中need 是实义动词，后接to do或doing 均可。needn't中need 是情态动词，后接do
情态动词练习题 ( ) 1. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this
morning.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
54
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
( ) 2. –Must I saty at home, Mum?
--No, you ______.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not ( ) 3. –Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
--Sorry, I can’t. I _____ take care of my little sister at home because
my mother is ill.
A. can B. may C. would D. have to ( ) 4. –May I go to the cinema, Mum? --Certainly. But you ______ be back
by 11 o’clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need ( ) 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw D. may not throw
( ) 6. –May I go out to play basketball, Dad?
--No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t
( ) 7. –Where is Jack, please ? --He _____ be in the reading room.
A. can B. need C. would D. must
( ) 8. –Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li?
--No, it ______ be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. musn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
( ) 9. These books ______ out of the reading room. You have to read them
here.
A. can’t take B. must be taken
C. can take D. mustn’t be taken
( ) 10. –Mum, may I watch TV now?
--Sure, but you ______ help me with my housework first. A. can B. may C. must D. could
( ) 11. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he ______ speak it
after calss.
A. could B. didn’t have to C. might D. shouldn’t ( ) 12. –Must we hand in the papers now?
--No, you ______.
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t
( ) 13. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may ( ) 14. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it
______ be very difficult.
A. can B. may C. must D. need ( ) 15. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must ( ) 16. It’s still early. You ______.
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
55
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
( ) 17. –May I stop here? --No, you ______.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t ( ) 18. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not ( ) 19. –Could I borrow your dictionary?
-- Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should ( ) 20. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will ( ) 21. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may ( ) 22. ______ I know your name?
A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must ( ) 23. You ______ be more careful next time.
A. have to B. may C. must D. might ( ) 24. You ______ miss the lesson, though we ______ have it on Thursday. A. mustn’t; needn’t B. needn’t; mustn’t
C. mustn’t; mustn’t D. needn’t; needn’t
( ) 25. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose ______ it be?
A. must B. may C. would D. can ( ) 26. What kinds of homes will we live in the future? Nobody ______ be
sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.
A. will B. may C. can D. must ( ) 27. I ______ like to know where you were born.
A. shall B. should C. do D. may ( ) 28. ______ you be happy!
A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May ( ) 29. A teacher ______ do every exercise, but a student must.
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t ( ) 30. The matter ______ be changed into a gas, but it _______ be heated
to its boiling point.
A. may; needn’t B. may; can
C. mustn’t; needn’t D. can; must
( ) 31. Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but
there are friendly feelings in their hearts.
A. must B. can C. may D. should ( ) 32. Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can B. need C. may D. must ( ) 33. –Do you think his story ______ true? --I don’ think so. But it sounds
good.
A. must be B. may be C. can be D. has to be
( ) 34. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger. A. need B. must C. should D. may ( ) 35. –How long ______ the book be kept?
56
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
--For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time.
A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need ( ) 36. – May I have an apple, Mum?
--Certainly. But you ______ wash your hands first?
A. may B. must C. can D. need ( ) 37. –There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there. --Really? It ______ be a fire, most probably.
A. can B. ought to C. may D. must ( ) 38. –Shall I tell John about the bad news?
--No, you ______. I think that will make him sad.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t ( ) 39. –Could I call you by your first name? --Yes, you ______.
A. will B. could C. may D. might ( ) 40. –Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? -- _______. A. No, I can’t B. Yes, I will
C. Yes, thank you D. No, we’d better not
( ) 41. --______ the man there be our new teacher? --He ______ be, but I’m not sure.
A. May; mustn’t B. Can; may C. Must; can’t D. Can; can’t ( ) 42. –Sometime is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be? --It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school.
A. can; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. might; could D. might; may
第八章 非谓语动词（一）
I.
非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 to do to be done to be doing to have been to have done done 否定式 复合结构 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 不定式 for sb. to do sth. being done 现在分doing having been 词 having done done 分词 过去分词 done being done doing having been having done done 在非谓 语前加not 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 动名词 sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 57
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 hope, want, , wish ,offer, long, fail, expect, ask, decide, pretend, manage, 只接不定式做宾agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 语的动词 此处有口诀了：想要学习，早打算，同意否，问问看，决定了，尽力干，干不了别装蒜 consider , suggest,propose,look forward to, excuse, forgive, admit,delay,put off, avoid, miss, practise, resist, keep, finish, appreciate,forbid, imagine, risk, enjoy,mind, escape, prevent, dislike，be busy 口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，推辞承认没思想，避免错过继续练，坚持完成只接动名词做宾就欣赏，禁止想象是冒险，不准介意准逃亡,阻止讨厌两头忙 语的动词或短语 can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接意义基本相动名词多指一般或习惯行为） 同 need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 两者都可以 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未go on to do（接着做另外一件发生） 事） remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经go on doing（接着做同一件事） 发生） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） 意义不同 can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别： 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发生I heard him call me several 不定式 times. 或已经完成 have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, 过去分词 find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进I found her listening to the radio. 行，尚未完成 动宾关系。动作已经完成，We found the village 58
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
多强调状态 IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别： 区别 greatly changed. 举例 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将I have a lot of papers to type. 不定式 来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式I have a lot of papers to be typed. 表示在谓语动词之前发生 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool? 现在分与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语the boiling water / the boiled water 词 动作同时发生 the developing country/the 过去分与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves 词 谓语动作之前，现已经完成 V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别： 区别 举例 My dream is to become a 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以teacher. 不定借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主To obey the law is important. 式 语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提(dream, business, wish, idea, 问主语或表语。 plan, duty, task做主语时常用) 与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表It is no use saying that again and 动名示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也again. 词 可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位Teaching is my job. 置。 无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。 分词 现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。 八，非谓语动词（二）
一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能 （一）概述：
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有： 1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如： They built a garden.
59
The situation is encouraging. The book is well written. (常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式) What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
They suggested building a garden. 2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式） 4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语） We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语） 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 （二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1、不定式的形式：
注意：否定式：not + (to) do
1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：
I’m glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done.
60
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room.
3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2、不定式的句法功能： 1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold. 3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road. 5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： A）动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
61
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式： Have you got anything to sent? Have you got anything to be sent? B）说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work. C）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： He is the first to get here. 6）作状语： A）表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right: To save money, he has tried every means. wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right: To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. B）表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out. C）表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news. D）表程度：
It’s too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer. 7）作成分：
To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked. 8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。 If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to. 9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 1、动名词的形式：
62
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
否定式：not + 动名词
1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 2、动名词的句法功能： 1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It’s no use quarrelling. 争吵是没用的。 2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 3）作宾语：
They haven’t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）,
excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent„(from),keep „from,stop„（from）,protect„from,set about, be engaged in, spend„(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like 4）作定语：
He can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school. 你们学校有游泳池吗？ 5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 （三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 1、现在分词的形式：
63
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
否定式：not + 现在分词
1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打兰球。
2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。 2、现在分词的句法功能：
1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改为the man who is speaking. 2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 4）现在分词作状语： A）作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
B）作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。 C）作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 D）作条件状语：
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
E）作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。 F）作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。 G）作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。 H）与逻辑主语构成主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 H）作成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。 （四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。 过去分词的句法功能： 1、过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 2、过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
The were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如： boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3、过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 4、过去分词作状语：
65
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。 5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成主格：
All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。
The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了，他开始撒种子。 非谓语动词用法对比 知识要点：
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：
Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：
（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：
It’s no good (use, fun) doing. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing. It’s worth while doing.
二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：
1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。
2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。
3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。 The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）
With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时） 4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。 The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。
The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。
66
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语） The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态） He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）
He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）
常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：interest（使„感兴趣），surprise（使„吃惊），frighten（使„害怕），excite（使„兴奋），tire（使„疲劳），please（使„满意），puzzle（使„迷惑不解），satisfy（使„满意），amuse（使„娱乐），disappoint（使„失望），inspire（使„欢欣鼓舞），worry（使„忧虑）
它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如： Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。 They are very tired. 他们很疲劳
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice. 三、不定式与动名词做宾语： 1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。
2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent„(from), keep„from, stop„(from), protect„from, set about, be engaged in, spend„(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。
3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.
He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我发信。）
I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。
Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，记得给我们写信。 I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。
I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。
They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。
He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。 She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。
A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。
67
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。
The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。
The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。
This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。 The situation in Russian required studying. 形式需要研究。 四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：
1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid
The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。 We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。） 2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如：
We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。
The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。
注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。
Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。 He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。 3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：
We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。 We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。 五、非谓语动词做定语：
1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：
He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干。 Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的。 2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：
动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。 a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为a stick for walking） a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为a car for sleeping）
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising）
the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为the world which is changing） 3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：
a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）
in the following years 在后来的几年中（意同in the years that followed）
a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）
a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（意同a car which was parked at the gate） 六、不定式与分词做状语：
68
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：
He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）
To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语） All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语) 2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：
Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语） Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）
Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）
Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）
非谓语动词部分专题练习：
1、They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood. A．grow B．grew C．was growing D．to grow 2、Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A．so not as to B．so as not to C．so as to not D．not so as to 3、She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path. A．to have rested B．resting C．to rest D．rest 4、The next morning she found the man in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 5、Only one of these books is . A．worth to read B．worth being read C．worth of reading D．worth reading 6、The squirrel was lucky that it just missed . A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch 7、Most of the people to the party were famous scientists. A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting 8、She didn’t remember him before. A．having met B．have met C．to meet D．to having met 9、 ——Good morning. Can I help you? ——I’d like to have this package , madam. A．be weighed B．to be weighed C．to weigh D．weighed 10、There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light. A．followed B．following C．to be followed D．being followed 11、The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind. A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied 12、On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．buy 13、The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepared D．was preparing
69
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
14、I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A．sail B．to sail C．sailing D．to have sailed 15、John was made the truck for a week as a punishment. A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing 16、I would appreciate back this afternoon. A．you to call B．you call C．your calling D．you’re calling 17、John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes . A．open B．to be opened C．to open D．opening 18、 a reply, he decided to write again. A．Not receiving B．Receiving not C．Not having received D．Having not received
19、Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer. A．to have invented B．inventing C．to invent D．having invented 20、 ―Can’t you read?‖ Mary said to the notice. A．angrily pointing B．and point angrily C．angrily pointed D．and angrily pointing 21、Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle. A．ride, ride B．riding, ride C．ride, to ride D．to ride, riding 22、The missing boys were last seen near the river. A．playing B．to be playing C．play D．to play 23、The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here. A．having added B．to add C．adding D．added 24、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written 25、We agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met 26、——You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ——Well, now I regret that. A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done 27、The patient was warned oily food after the operation. A．to eat not B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating 28、 in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A．Losting B．Having lost C．Lost D．To lose 29、——Is this raincoat yours? ——No, mine there behind the door. A．is hanging B．has hung C．hangs D．hung 30、The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A．first playing B．to be first played C．first played D．to be first playing 31、We saw the bird flap its wings and away. A．fly B．flied C．flew D．flying 32、I insisted that the dictionary to be bought at once. A．refers to B．refer C．referred D．referring 33、 , ice will be changed into water.
70
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A．Heating B．Heated C．If heating D．To be heated 34、The foreigner seemed his way. A．to be losing B．to have misse C．to have lost D．missed 35、Don’t leave me alone at home. A．to stay B．stay C．staying D．stayed 36、Whatever must well. A．is to be done, be done B．are to do, do C．is to do„be done D．are to be done, do
37、The officer ordered the wounded soldier at once. A．to operate B．be operated C．was operated on D．to be operated on 38、With the walls white , the room seems larger. A．painting B．painted C．to be painted D．has been painted 39、——Can I help you? ——I’d like to have the shoes , for they are a bit smaller. A．changing B．changed C．to be changing D．be changed 40、On hearing the news, the woman stood there . A．frightened B．frightening C．to frighten D．to be frightened 41、 the train, they decided to wait for another. A．Missed B．Missing C．Having missed D．Being missed 42、There no bus, I had to walk home. A．is B．was C．were D．being 43、At present, there is a new airport and supermarket in the south of the town. A．built B．to be built C．being built D．is being built 44、The young man told the doctor that he didn’t need his heart . A．having, checked B．to have, checked C．having, to check D．to have, to check 45、Try the back door if nobody answers the front door. A．to knock at B．knocking at C．and knock at D．and knocking at 46、We have to do something to stop wild animals . A．killing B．to be killed C．being killed D．to kill 47、 , we plan to hold a class meeting. A．Time permitting B．Time permits
C．If time is permitted D．Time permitted 48、With the boy the way, the soldiers got to the position in time. A．led B．leading C．being led D．was leading 49、The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth for him without delay. A．to weave B．to be woven C．to have woven D．to be weaving 50、Look at his look. It seems as if he had met a tiger. A．frightened, frightening B．frightening, frightened C．frightened, frightened D．frightening, frightening 51、 , the players began the game. A．Having taken our seats B．Taking our seats C．After we took our seats D．Being taken the seats 52、 him before, she didn’t know he was her uncle.
71
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A．Not having seen B．Having not seen C．Not seeing D．Not being seen 53、 many times, but he made the same mistake again. A．Having been told B．Although he had been told C．He had been told D．Having told 54、The glass of water is too hot. I prefer some cold water. A．boiled B．boiling C．to boil D．having boiled 55、The little boy entered the classroom without . A．noticing B．noticed C．being noticed D．notice 56、We’re considering English in pairs after class. A．practising speaking B．practising to speak C．to practise speaking D．to practise to speak 57、 the mixture, the teacher showed it around the classroom. A．To see B．More students to see C．For more students to see D．Seen 58、I apologize for my promise. A．not to keep B．being kept C．not having kept D．having not kept 59、The book on the desk to her. A．lying, belonging B．lay, belong C．lying, belongs D．being lie, is belong 60、 , Mary had to stay at home to look after her. A．Being ill B．To be ill C．Her mother was ill D．Her mother being ill 61、 much English troubled him a lot. A．His not knowing B．Not he knowing C．His having not known D．His not known 62、He won’t attend the meeting unless to give a speech. A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．he will be invited 63、He got the first and won the prize as . A．expected B．expecting C．to be expected D．expect 、He stood there with his eyes me. A．fixing B．fixing on C．fixed to D．fixed on 65、Mother warned him after drinking. A．to never drive B．never to drive C．never driving D．never drive 66、I remember something like that. A．that he say B．him to say C．his saying D．him having said 67、Did you smell something ? A．burnt B．to burn C．to be burning D．burning 68、Because of air pollution, this city is no longer . A．a good place to live in B．a good place for living in C．a good place to live D．a good place to be lived in 69、Let the day . A．to be remembered B．remembered C．be remembered D．remember 70、His parents , the orphan is now taken care of by the villagers. A．dead B．dying C．have died D．having died
72
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
71、Would you be to do me a favour? A．as good as B．so good as C．enough good D．good enough as 72、He had us all through the party. A．laughing B．to laugh C．laugh D．laughed 73、The nurse suggested the old man , for he had a long time to wait. A．to sit down B．sit down C．would sit down D．sat down 74、Those who have questions , raise your hands. A．asked B．ask C．asking D．to ask 75、This room is used food. A．to store B．storing C．to storing D．stored 76、We can’t keep our eyes to all this. A．shut B．shutting C．to shut D．shutted 77、I don’t feel like to the cinema. A．go B．going C．gone D．to go 78、 you the truth, I don’t like the design he offered. A．Tell B．Told C．Telling D．To tell 79、 at the station, they found the train . A．Arriving, going B．Arrived, go C．Arriving, gone D．Arrived, gone 80、What he said made us . A．to surprise B．surprise C．surprising D．surprised
第九章 定语从句
I.定语从句起了形容词的作用（所以定语从句又叫形容词性从句），在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 who 先行词 从句成分 人 主语 例句 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? 备注 whom 关系代词 whose that Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working 人 宾语 whom, whichThe boy (whom) she loved died in the 和that在从句war.. 中做宾语时，I like those books whose topics are about 常可以省略，history. 人，物 定语 但介词提前时The boy whose father works abroad is 后面关系代词my deskmate. 不能省略，也A plane is a machine that can fly. 不可以用that 主语，宾She is the pop star (that) I want to see 人，物 语 very much. 物 主语，宾The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. 语 73
which
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as He is such a person as is respected by all 主语，宾as做宾语一般of us. 人，物 语 不省略 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 时间 地点 原因 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met 可用on which there. 可用in which when 关系where 副词 why 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned 可用for which down my offer. II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别： 情况 用法说明 例句 1． 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2． 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4． 先行词既指人又指物时 5． 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 只用that的情6． 况 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 口诀： 说that 道 that 只用that六时刻 一为先行不定代，引词只用that作 二为副词修先行，that为定从引路 先行前若有形序，只有that够资格 先行若是个人物，that定从前面搁 Only，very修先行，that正是好时景 避免重复引导词，that也可作先行 1． 只用which, 在非性定语从句中，只能用which指who, whom的代物，用who/whom指人 情况 2． 74
1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3． 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 III. as与which的区别： 定语从句 性定语从句中 区别 例句 He is not such a fool as he looks. 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系Don’t read such books as you can’t 代词用as,不能用which understand. as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. 非性定语从句中 IV. 性定语从句与非性定语从句的区别： 类别 语法意义及特征 例句 对先行词起修饰作用，如果去掉，主句意The accident happened at the 性定语思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分time when I left. 从句 密切，写时不用逗号分开。 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分非性定密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，His mother, whom he loved 语从句 相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代deeply, died ten years ago. 词做宾语时也不能省略。 1．Football, is a very interesting game , is played all over the world． A．that B．which C．it D．who 2．Is there anything else you require? A．which B．that C．who D．what 3．The last place we visited was the Great Wall． A．which B．that C．where D．it 4．He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school． A．which B, who C．it D．that 5．The realway tunnel, through the train goes, will be completed soon． A．which B．that C．it D．whom 6．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made． A．that B．which C．where D．there 7．There is no dictionary you can find everything． A．that B．which C．where D．in that 8．Next month, you’ll have a trip in your hometown is coming． A．which B．that C．when D．where
75
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
9．Next month, you’ll be in your hometown is coming． A．which B．that C．when D．where
10．I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm． A．which B．where C．when D．who 11．He wanted to know the time he needed to know ． A．that B．when C．where D．what 12．There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities． A．that B．which C．where D．as
13．They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English ． A．that B．which C．as D．what 14.The stems of bamboo are hollow, makes them very light． A．which B．as C．that D．it
15．Crusoe’s dog hecame ill and died , made him very lonely． A．as B．which C．that D．this 16．They’ve invited me to their party , is kind of them． A．as B．which C．That D．this 17． we know now ,bats come out only at night ． A．As B．Which C ．That D．What 18．John got beaten in the game , had been expected ． A．as B．that C．what D．who
19． has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules． A．Which B．What C．That D．As 20．Do you know the reason he was late? A．that B．which C．for what D．for which 21．He built a telescope he could study the skies． A．in which B．with that C．through which D．by it 22．I have bought two ballpens , writes well ．
A．none of which B．neither of which C．none of them D．neither of them 23．There are two thousand students in our school , are girls ． A．of whom two thirds B．two -thirds of them
C．two -third in them D．two -thirds in which 24．Do you know the man ? A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke C．I spoke to D．that I spoke 25．The factory we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here ． A．where B．in which C．which D．to which 26．This is one of the best films this year． A．have been shown B．that have shown
C．that have been shown D．which has been shown 27．Can you lend me the book the other day ? A．(that) you talked about B．about that you talked
C．that you talked D．which you talked
28．Is there any one in you class family is in the city ． A．who B．who’s C．which D．whose 29．I’ll never forget the days we stayed together．
76
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A．when B．in which C．which D．what 30．Is some German friends visited last week ? A．this school B．this the school C．this school one D．this school where 31．I’ll tell you he told me last month ． A．all which B．all what C．that all D．all 32．Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday? A．for why B．for that C．which D．why 33．I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress． A．which B．in which C．on that D．on which 34．I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need ．
A．in which , / B．where , which C．which , that D．that , that
35．Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long． A．where B．when C．that D．on which 36．The train she was travelling was late． A．which B．on which C．for which D．on that
37．The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945． A．during which B．in that C．where D．on which 38．Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ? A．that B．/ C．which D．it 39．This is the best hotel in the city I know ． A．which B．that C．where D．it
40．I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library ． A．that B．/ C．which D．they 41．The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all． A．which B．who C．that D．whose 42．She hasn’t got enough money to buy the rings ． A．which B．that C．with which D．for which
43．Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term． A．which B．since C．that D．till 44．We hope to get such a tool he is using ． A．which B．as C．that D．where 45．Is there anything to you ． A．that is belonged B．that belongs C．which belongs D．that belong 46．You can take any seat is free ． A．which B．where C．that D．in which 47．The old woman has two sons, one of whom is a teacher． A．of them B．of which C．of whom D．of who
48．My hometown is no longer the same it used to be ． A．which B．as C．that D．like 49．You may take anything useful ． A．you want B．what you want C．you want them D．which you want 50．He tore up my photo and upset me． A．that B．it C，which D，what
77
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
51．During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns． A．followed B．following C．to follow D．that followed
52．The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend
of hers ． A．that B．wearing which C．worn by D．in which
53．The clever boy made a hole in the wall , he could see what was going on inside the house．
A．in which B．through which C．at which D．on which 54．The brave man , the tiger was shot is a good hunter． A．by which B．by whom C．by that D．of whom 55．The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp ． A．with which B．with it C．with that D．which
第十章 名词性从句（具有名词作用的从句叫名词性从句） 种类 作用 常用关联词 例句 Whether he will come or not 在复合句中做主语，相当于名doesn’t matter much. 主语从词，一般置谓语之前，也可用句 it作形式主语，主语从句放主that, whether, if, Whoever comes here will be 句之后 as if, as though, welcome. 表语从在复合句中做表语，相当于名who, whose, It looks as if it is going to snow. which, how, 句 词，位于系动词之后 when, where, He asked me which team could 宾语从在复合句中做宾语，相当于名why, what, win the game. 句 词 whatever, You have no idea how worried we 放在名词之后(news, problem, whoever, wherever are. 同位语idea, suggestion, advice, 从句 thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容 The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. 1．I wonder how much ． A．cost these shoes B．do these shoes cost
C．these shoes cost D．are these shoes cost 2．Nobody knew ． A．where he comes B．where he was from
C．where he is from D．where does he come from 3．Excuse me ,would you please tell me ． A．when the sports meet will be taken place ． B．when was the sports meet going to be held． C．when is the sports meet to begin ． D．when the sports meet is to take place ．
4．Computers can only give out has been stored in them . A．that B．which C．what D．anything 5．She wanted to know ．
78
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A．whether I knew her and where did she work B．if I knew her and the factory she worked there C．wherther I knew her and the factory she worked D．if I knew her and the factory where she worked 6．My friend wouldn’t tell me his new car ． A．how much he paid for B．how much did he pay C．he paid how much for D．did he pay how much 7．A simple experiment shows air has some strength ． A．what B．that C．which D．who 8．He you are not going abroad． A．surprised that B．is surprised that
C．surprised at D．is surprised whether 9．Father asked ． A．what was wrong with me B．what’s wrong with me C．what wrong was with me D．what wrong is with me 10．It doesn’t matter I rest or not ． A．if B．whether C．that D．when 11．The trouble is we are short of tools ． A．what B．that C．how D．why that 12．That is there appears a rainbow in the sky ． A．what B．when C．why D．however
13． I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind． A．That , that B．Which , what C．What , what D．What, why 14．It is possible he misunderstood I said． A．that ,that B．what, what C．what , that D．that , what 15．The thought he might fail in the exam worried him ． A．which B．that C．when D．/ 16．The fact he is an orphan is well known． A．what B．that C．which D．/ 17． I was free that evening A．It happened to B．It happened that
C．That happened D．It was happened that 18． I will accept the gift is none of your business． A．If B．Whether C．What D．Which 19． I have will be yours sooner or later ． A．No matter what B．No matter whatever C．Whatever D．That 20．He always thinks he can do more for the people． A．of how B．how C．of that D．why
21． in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday ． A．It says B．It is said C．It has said D．He is said
22．We think it important college students should master at least one foreign
language ． A．which B．that C．what D．whether
23．Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain．
79
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A．what B．all what C．that D．which 24．The town is no longer it was ten years ago． A．which B．that C．what D．when 25． told yuou that was lying ． A．who B．whoever C．Anyone D．The person 26．Word came I was wanted at the office． A．which B．why C．that D．whether 27． nothing to do with us ． A．What he did is B．What he has done
C．What did he do D．What he has done has 28．The problem is will go ． A．that B．that who C．who D．whoever 29． there is life on another planet is almost impossible． A．How B．That C．Why D．Whether 30． was a well -known fact． A．That their team was weak B．That their team being weak C．Their team was weak D．If their team was weak
第十一章 状语从句
种类 连接词 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly where, wherever because, as, since, now that if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that so that, in order that, for fear that so…that, such…that than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more as if, as though, as 注意点 主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。 because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。 从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替 so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词 as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 条件状语 目的状语 结果状语 比较状语 方式状语 80
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
让步状语 though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用 1、You like sports I’d like to read. A．when B．while C．but D．yet 2、 we were singing, the teacher came in. A．Before B．after C．As D．Until 3、I was about to leave my house the phone rang. A．while B． when C．as D．after 4、They did not stop fighting there was no enemy left. A．until B．after C．when D．since 5、I have not seen him he went to college. A．when B．before C．as D．since 6、It is five days we came here. A．when B．before C．as D．since 7、It was not long he got to know it. A．when B．before C．after D．until 8、We shall go we are free. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．however 9、 I live I must serve the people heart and soul. A．When B．So long as C．As soon as D．On condition 10、I was reading a novel he was watchingTV. A．when B．while C．before D．as 11、Put the medicine you can easily get it. A．so that B．where C．which D．there 12、We will go the Party wants us to go. A．wherever B．there C．to the place D．which 13、 there is a will there is a way. A．When B．Where C．Whether D．How 14、I am going you went last week. A．where B．wherever C．when D．the place 15、 you go , you should bear the motherland in your mind. A．Where B．Wherever C．Whatever D．However 16、 weather permits, we’ll have an outing. A．For B．Though C．While D．If 17、You won’t succeed harder. A．unless you will work B．unless you work C．unless you don’t work D．if you won’t work
18、I wonder if he us, and I think if he us we’ll be able to complete the task ahead of time. A．helps, helps B．will help, helps C．helps, will help D．will help, will help 19、I don’t like to be interrupted if I . 81
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A．speak B．will speak C．am speaking D．spoke 20、If you this experiment you will understand the theory better. A．will be doing B．have done C．will have done D． would do 21、I would like to do it I like it. A．since B．because C．because of D．now that 22、 everybody is here, Let’s set off. A．Since B．Because C．For D．After 23、It was he was ill that he was absent yesterday. A．because B．as C．since D．now that 24、 it is raining, we had better take a taxi. A．For B．As C．Because of D．When 25、“Why can’t you do it now?”“ I’m too busy.” A．Since B．As C．Because D．For 26、He must have passed this way, here are his footprints. A．since B．because of C．now that D．for 27、 everybody is here, Let’s begin our meeting. A．Now that B．Because C．For D．When
28、His speech made deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it. A．such a B．so a C．so D．such 29、They worked hard they finished their work ahead of time. A．so B．so that C．such that D．so as to 30、He was weak he couldn’t stand up. A．such, that B．so, that C．very, that D．so, as to 31、The foreigner spoke his interpreter could hardly catch his words. A．such fast that B．so fast C．so fast that D．so fastly that 32、The book is it gives a wrong idea of the facts. A．so writing that B．such written that C．such writing that D．so written that
33、The house cost we didn’t buy it. A．so much money that B．so many money that C．such much money that D．such many money that 34、It is all of us can do it. A．so easy exercise that B．such easy an exercise C．such easy exercise D．so easy an exercise that
35、She has she remembers all the names of the students she has taught. A．so good memory that B．such a good memory that C．such good memory that D．good memory
36、They stopped at Tianjing they might visit the TV tower. A．so B．because C．so that D．in order 37、We all got up early we might start at six. A．in order that B．in order to C．so D．so as to 38、Let the dog loose so that it have a run. A．should B．must C．could D．need 39、 clearly so that your teacher you correctly.
82
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A．Write, can understand B．Having written, can understand C．To write, could understand D．Writing, will understand 40、He started early so that he there in time. A．could get B．got C．had got D．would have got 41、 it was late , she went on working. A．Though B．Because C．Since D．Whether 42、 we fail , we trying. A．Even if , don’t stop B．Even though, won’t stop C．Even, will not stop D．Even although, shall never stop 43、 the pain was bad, he did not complain. A．Although, but B．Though, but C．Though, yet D．Even, still 44、 physics, he likes maths better. A．As he much likes B．Much as he likes C．Much likes as he D．Likes much as he
45、 telephones, tell him I’m out. A．No matter whoever B．Who C．Whoever D．Anyone 46、We’ll carry the reform to the end happens. A．no matter how B．whatever C．anything D．no matter which
47、It takes time to go there by plane than by ship. A．far fewer B．far less C．much fewer D．more less 48、He is taller than in his class. A．others B．all the students C．any other one D．the other 49、 it was finished in time. A．As the work was difficult B．Difficult as the work was C．Difficult as was the work D．As was the work difficult 50、I am sorry I have caused so much trouble. A．that B．for C．as D．since 51、 he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers. A．Every times B．one time C．Every time D．Once a time 52、I’ll tell him about it I see him. A．as soon as B．so soon as C．while D．as 53、I had hardly sat down the telephone rang A．than B．when C．as D．after 54、Sit you like. A．where B．at the place C．as D．wherever 55、 he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him. A．Since B．As C．For D．Because of 56、All plants need air they need water. A．like B．as if C．as D．so 57、Work hard you can succeed. A．in order to B．so that C．for fear that D．in case 58、If you I will go with you. A．go to B．went C．will D．should go
83
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
59、The hard he works, he will make. A．the greater B．the greater progress C．and the more D．more 60、 we have thought it over , we’ll take steps. A．Till, not B．When , no C．Until, any D．Until, no Ⅱ、改错
1、It won’t matter even he refuses.
2、Jim imagined that the whole world knew of his achievements, when in fact only a few people
had heard of it .
3、He realized that his house must have been broken into the minute he got home and saw that everything was in a mess.
4、He was looking for the dictionary whenever he thought he might have put it . 5、No matter if he is free, he must go to the library.
6、I have not missed a play or a concert when I was seventeen years old. 7、Next time that I plan to travel in London, I’m going to take a plane. 8、I’m not going to talk on the point any further, though it is neither important nor very interesting. 9、Much since I like all the books, I can’t afford to buy them.
10、Alic was waiting for the bus then she noticed a thief running out of a shop. 11、It has been two and a half months ago since he left.
12、Though the work was difficult, but we managed to finish it in time.
13、The test shows that Jack has a much quicker mind than any student in his class. 14、He left for Guangzhou by train last Monday. He ought to have arrived, I think.. 15、They wrote to the boss in order they could improve their working conditions. 16、He goes fishing wherever he has time, which is not often.
17、I don’t know when he comes tomorrow . If he comes , let me know at once. 18、When you read a book, you’d better make a mark that you have any questions. 19、Ships are much more slower than planes that few people take them on business. 20、She has such little education that she is unfit for the job.
第十二章 倒装句
种类 倒装条件 here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开头的句子表示强调 完全倒装 表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首 例句 Out rushed the children. Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡 Present at the meeting were 1,000 students. never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首 部分倒装 only和修饰的状语放于句首 Hardly did I know what had happened. Only then did he realized the importance of English. not only…but also连接并列的句子，前倒后Not only does he know French, but also he 84
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
不倒 is expert at it. neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装 Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. so…that, such…that中的so或such及修饰的So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday. 成分放于句首时前倒后不倒 as引导的让步状语 so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。 用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 省略if的虚拟条件 Child as he is, he has learned a lot. He can play the piano. So can i. May you be in good health! Were I you, I would not do it in this way.
【专项训练】 Ⅰ、选择填空
1、 that we all went out, lying in the sun. A．The weather so fine was B．So fine was the weather C．So the weather was fine D．So was fine weather
2、Under his arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before. A．is B．are C．was D．were 3、 who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs. A．Before George stood the policeman B．Before George the policeman stood C．Before the policeman stood George D．Before George did the policeman
4、Then we had been looking forward to . A．came the hour B．the hour came C．comes the hour D．the hour is coming 5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this. A．she realized B．did she realize C．she had realized D．had she realized 6、 succeed in doing anything. A．Only by working hard we can B．By only working hard we can C．Only by working hard can we D．Only we can by working hard
7、Not for a moment the truth of your story. A．he has doubted B．he doubts C．did he doubt D．he did doubt
8、Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong. A．a tourist can find B．can a tourist find C．a tourist will find D．a tourist has found 9、Hardly when the bus suddenly pulled away. A．they had got to the bus-stop B．they got to the bus-stop C．did they get to the bus-stop D．had they got to the bus -stop
85
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
10、Mary doesn’t speak French, and does Joan. A．not B．neither C．either D．so
11、—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? —I don’t know, . A．nor don’t I care B．nor do I care C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also 12、Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is. A．man did know B．man knew C．didn’t man know D．did man know 13、After that we never saw her again nor from her. A．did we hear B．we heard C．had we heard D．we have heard 14、John won the first prize in the contest. . A．So he did. B．So did he. C．So he did, too. D．So did he, too. 15、 ,he doesn’t study well. A．As he is clever B．He is as clever C．Clever as he is D．As clever he is
16、You can never use my tape recorder. time should you touch that machine. A．At no B．At any C．Any D．No 17、Scarcely the room the phone rang. A．I had entered„when B．Had I entered„then C．had I entered„when D．have I entered„when 18、Only save his life. A．can the doctor B．the doctor can C．will the doctor D．could the doctor 19、Hardly anybody the boy , because he is rude. A．does like B．likes C．do like D．like 20、So well that the teacher praised her. A．she had done her homework B．her homework had been done C．did she do her homework D．she did her homework
21、Only when to know him will you get along with him. A．do you come B．will you come C．you come D．you will come 22、Out , gun in hand. A．did he rush B．rushed he C．he rushed D．had he rushed 23、He had promised me to come to the party ,and . A．so did he B．so he did C．so he would D．so would he 24、Into the sky the light blue smoke. A．went up B．up went C．did go up D．had gone up 25、Little about his own life at the meeting. A．did he talk B．he talked
86
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
C．he was talking D．had he talked 26、Under no circumstances first use nuclear weapons. A．will China B．China will C．does China D．do China 27、 taken that examination, she could have passed it . A．Were she B．Had she be able to C．If she would have D．Had she
28、 tomorrow , we would put off the match till next Monday. A．Should it rained B．Were it to rain C．If it would rain D．Had it rained 29、Look, here . A．Mr. Brown comes B．does Mr. Brown come C．comes Mr. Brown D．Mr. Brown has come 30、Often us good advice. A．did she give B．she did give C．she gave D．she has given 31、Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted. A．didn’t I realize B．did I realize C．I didn’t realize D．I realize
32、Little about his own safety , though he was in great danger himself. A．does he care B．did he care C．he cares D．he cared 33、 began our new lesson. A．But B．Thus C．Such D．So that 34、By no means look down upon the poor. A．we should B．we should not C．do we D．should we 35、Only when 30 years old to learn English. A．was he , did he begin B．he was , he began C．was he , he began D．he was ,did he begin 36、Not once their plan. A．did they change B．they changed C．changed they D．they did changed 37、“It’s very hot today.”“ .” A．So it is B．So is it C．So does it D．So it does 38、A fish needs water and without water it will die. A．So does a man B．So will a man C．So it is with a man D．So is it with a man 39、They arrived at the farmhouse, in front of which . A．sat a small boy B．a small boy sat C．is sitting a small boy D．a small boy sitting 40、Society has changed and in it . A．so have the people B．so the people have C．the people have so D．have the people so Ⅱ、改错
87
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
41、Only when was he 50 years old did he begin to learn French. 42、Little she knew Tom was was badly ill 43、Turn to the right and there are you.
44、And all around the fox in a circle was dogs. 45、—You can learn English well. —So can we.
46、I dare climb this tall tree, but do you? 47、Not once he kept his promise.
48、Many a time he has given us some good advice.
49、Such a noise there was that I couldn’t work in the room. 50、Only does my mother understand me.
第十三章 虚拟语气
类别 与现在事实相反 用法 例句 从句动词：过去式（be用were） If he were here, he 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原would help us. 形 If I had been free, I 从句动词：had+过去分词 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+would have visited you. 过去分词 从句动词：过去式 / should+动词原形 / If it should rain were+不定式 tomorrow, we would 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原not go camping. 形 They are talking as if they had been friends for years. 与过去事实If引导的相反 条件从句 与将来事实相反 as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式 其它状语从句 Turn on the light so in order that / so that引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / that we can see it may / might / would等+动词原形 clearly. demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+He suggested that we not change our mind. 动词原形 宾语从句 I wish I could be a pop wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和singer. should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反 在It is necessary / important / strange that…, It is suggested / It is strange that such a 主语从句 demanded / ordered / requested that… 等从句中，谓语动词person should be our friends. 用should+动词原形 其它句型It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形 中 88
It’s high time that we left. What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now. If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈If only our dream had come true! 的愿望 【专项训练】
1、It is important that a college student a foreign language. A．will master B．master C．masters D．would master 2、It is strange that she without saying a word. A．should have gone out B．went C．should go out D．goes out 3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going. A．had been, would have prevented B．had been, would prevent C．were, would prevent D．were, would have prevent 4、 ——―He is a brave man.‖ ——―Yes, I wish I his courage.‖ A．have B．had C．will have D．may have 5、If it rain, the crops would be saved. A．should B．will C．is going to D．was to 6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane. A．was sent B．would be sent C．should send D．be sent 7、If you the medicine, you better now. A．took, would feel B．had taken, felt C．had taken, would feel D．took, would have felt 8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother. A．is B．was C．were D．had been 9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so. A．didn’t do B．hadn’t do C．haven’t done D．couldn’t do 10、I’d rather he tomorrow afternoon. A．will come B．comes C．coming D．came
第十四章 并列句
知识要点：
1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法； 2、注意while, when 和 for等作并列连词的用法。
什么叫并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。 并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
注意：
（1）yet和still是连接副词，也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用，但不如and, but, or等强，用了yet或still，前面还可加and或but。
He is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累，但他仍然要做另一个实验。 I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车
（2）while意义相当于at the same time表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。 I like football, while my sister likes basketball. 我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。 when = and then, just then或at that time, during the time.
We were ready to rush away, when the snake moved. 我们正准备离开，这时蛇移动了。
while和when作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开。 3、for表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore比so更正式，and so比较口语化。 【专项训练】：
一、用适当的并列连词填空：
1、He couldn’t know the truth about me, he wouldn’t treat me like this. 2、The bell is ringing the lesson is over. 3、Although he was ill, he kept on working. 4、I can’t make up my mind we will go to Shanghai we will stay in our city. 5、He doesn’t talk much, he thinks a lot. 6、It must have rained last night the ground is still wet. 7、The president will visit the town in May he will open the new hospital.
90
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
8、Jane was dressed in green Mary was dressed in blue. 9、 he did not speak distinctly I did not hear it clearly. 10、He is clever, , he often makes mistakes. 11、 did we write to her we called up her. 12、He hasn’t any money I’m going to lend him some. 13、The child was sick; he, , didn’t go to school. 14、Mary was neither happy, was she sad. 15、Put on more clothes, you’ll catch cold. 二、选择最佳答案：
16、Some are reading magazines, others are playing cards. A．or B．for C．so D．while 17、We must get up early tomorrow. we’ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall. A．so B．or C．but D．however 18、——I don’t like chicken fish. ——I don’t like chicken, I like fish very much. A．and, and B．and, but C．or, and D．or, but 19、We want high speed good quality. A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not, but also 20、In spring it is hot cold here. A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not only, but 21、 does he writes well, he also speaks well. A．Not only, but B．Not, but C．Either, or D．Both, and 22、Use your head, you’ll work it out. A．so B．or C．and D．for 23、I want to buy the jacket, I have not enough money with me. A．but B．so C．or D．for 24、 you I am going to help Tom. A．Either, or B．Not, but C．Not only, and D．Each, and 25、The soldier was wounded, he pushed on. A．for B．and C．so D．yet 26、——Do you know Jim quarrelled with his classmate? ——I don’t know, . A．nor don’t I came B．nor do I care C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also 27、He is a teacher, a singer as well. A．but B．or C．nor D．and 28、 should a man have courage, he should have wisdom and knowledge. A．Not only, but B．Neither, nor C．Either, or D．Both, and 29、We have studied English for only one year, we can perform English short plays already. A．yet B．for C．and D．or 30、She had escaped, the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great heat of the fire.
91
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
A．so B．or C．but D．and 31、The work was difficult, ,he finished in on time. A．but B．however C．otherwise D．therefore 32、The sky was cloudless the sun was shining. A．but B．and C．for D．so 33、 many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. A．Having been told B．Though he had been told C．He was told D．Having told 34、I was walking along the street I heard someone calling my name. A．when B．while C．and D．for 35、To be healthy, you must have a meal too big too small. A．either, or B．neither, nor C．not only, but also D．not, but 36、Both Jane and Ellen, Mary, are studying at the same college. A．too B．and C．as well D．as well as 37、He has never studied English before, we should give him more help. A．and B．or C．therefore D．but 38、I see your point of view; , I don’t agree with you. A．or B．but C．so D．still 39、They must stay in the water they will die. A．but B．so C．otherwise D．and 40、We played outside till sunset it began to rain. A．when B．while C．yet D．so 三、改错：
41、Although he has great learning, but he always works far into the night. 42、Because the boy is very naughty, so I’m angry with him. 43、Not only he himself works hard but he often helps others. 44、It must have rained much of late, because the river is so high.
45、They didn’t tell me whether I should write to him nor whether I should see him personally. 46、If there were no plants, we would have no animals or no meat.
47、Now of course I don’t want to say anything bad about anyone however have you noticed his strange manners?
48、 ―I’m more thankful to you, sir, than I can say‖ I said, ― and but I must make things clear.‖ 49、He neither knows nor cares for what happened.
50、He did not like your suggestion, and but he raised no objection(反对).
第十五章 重要句型
1.It was not until midnight that he finished his task.
2.Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again. 3.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 4.He walked around the house, gun in hand. 5.May you be in good health!
92
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
6.Wish you a pleasant journey back home!
7.The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes. 8.What surprised me most was his imagination and patience.
9.He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head. 10.Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher. 11.On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.
12.Looking back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feeling very proud. 13.No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started. 14.Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics. 15.How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields! 16.There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room. 17.Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory. 18.There goes the bell.
19.Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here. 20.It is no use crying for help.
21.If only I had been your student in the middle school! 22.It is believed that such a thing will not happen again. 23.Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this. 24―He works particularly hard.‖ “So he does, and so do you.”
25.Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another. 26.Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.
第十六章 动词搭配 1.
add to增加，增进 add „ to把„加进„ add up相加
add up to总计，所有这一切说明
93
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
1) I don't think these facts will ________ anything. 2) Fifty new books have been ________ the library. 3) The music _________ our enjoyment of the film.
4) You must have made a mistake when you _______ the bill ________.
( add up to, added to, add to, added…up ) 2.
break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉
break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开 break off暂停，中断
break in强行进入，插话 break into闯入
break into pieces成为碎片 break out爆发
break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散 break through突破
1) The criminal managed to break _______
______ the police and ran into the woods.
2) When he heard the news, he broke _______ and cried. 3) Don't break ________ while others are speaking.
4) Why don't you break ________ for a few minutes and have some coffee? 5) When does school break ________?
6) After harvest we break _________ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen.
( away from, down, in, off, up, up ) 3.
bring up抚养，呕吐，提出 bring about造成 bring out拿出，出版 bring in引入，引进，挣钱 bring back使回想起
bring down使下降，使倒下
1) The shopkeeper brought his price _________ to only five dollars.
2) The school has brought _________ new foreign teachers to teach oral English. 3) The song brought ___________ happy memories of our schooldays. 4) Do you know what brought ___________ this misunderstanding? 5) The kind old man agreed to bring __________ the young orphan. 6) We decided to bring the matter ___ at the next meeting. 7) The wind brought _______ a lot of trees last night.
8) Next month they will bring ________ a new edition of the book.
94
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
( down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out ) 4.
call on号召，拜访（某人） call at拜访、参观（某地） call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要 call up使回忆起, 征召入伍 call in召集，请某人来 call out大喊，高叫 call off取消，不举行
1) Doctors are often called _____ in the middle of the war.
2) Please wait for me at home. I'll call _______ you at your house at seven tonight. 3) The trains calls _______ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou. 4) He called her name __________, but she didn't answer. 5) The sports meet was called ____ on account of the rain.
( in, for, at, out, off) 5.
come about发生，出现
come down下跌，落，降，传下来 come in进来
come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) come on来临/ 快点 come out出版，结果是 come along一道来，赶快
come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是 come over走过来 come up发芽，走近 come across偶然碰到 come back回想起
come from来自，源自
1) I come _________ the book I lent you last month.
2) How did it come _________ that you both got lost? I thought you had a map. 3) It suddenly came _________ to me where I had seen the boy before. 4) Come __________ now, or else we shall be late. 5) He came __________ me like a tiger.
6) The price of petrol has come _________ since the beginning of this year. 7) The word came __________ use many years ago.
8) When the examination result came _________, he had already got a job. 9)The bill came __________ over a thousand dollars.
10) I sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven't come __________ yet.
( for, about, back, on, at, down, into, out, to, up ) 6.
95
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
cut across抄近路 cut down砍倒，削减
cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系 cut up连根拔除，切碎 through剪断，凿穿
cut out删（省）掉，戒掉 cut in插嘴
1) Don't cut ___ this tree. It will be very shady in summer.
2) You must cut ________ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness. 3) We decided to cut _________ the moor（旷野） to the village. 4) Cutting the tree ____ means cutting the tree into pieces.
5) The electricity was cut ___________ when the lady refused to pay the bill. 6) We were having a pleasant conversation when Tom cut __________. （down, down, across, up, off, in ） 7.
die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因） die from死于（意外事故、情形） die away渐渐消逝 die out绝种
die down(炉火)渐熄 die off逐一死去 8.
fall behind落后
fall over one's feet 跌跤 fall down掉下，跌倒 fall back撤退，后退
1) Babies often fall _____ when they are learning to walk. 2) Our team seems to have fallen __________ the others.
3) As soon as the enemies fell __________, the people returned to their village. 4) She fell__________ the bench and had her leg broken. （down, behind, back, over ） 9.
go in for从事，喜爱，参加 go through通过，经受 go over复习，检查
go up（价格）上涨，建造起来 go after追捕，追赶 go against违反
go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧 go away离开 go by时间过去
go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉
96
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
go on(with)继续进行 go with相配，陪同 go without没有，缺少 go out外出，熄灭 go all out全力以赴
go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应 go back on背约，食言 go beyond超出
1) Many new factories have gone __ in the past few years. 2) Rents have gone __________ greatly recently.
3) Many years have gone ___________ since we first met. 4) Let's continue our journey until the sun goes _______. 5) His actions went ___________ the will of the people, 6) I can't do it, for it goes ___________ my duty.
7) Over 100 students went ____________ this entrance examination. 8) The bomb went ____________ and killed ten people.
9) The buyer went ___________ the car carefully before reaching a decision. 10) This tie doesn't go ___________ my blue shirt. 11) If you think you can solve the problem, go ______. 12) Many students went __________ playing basketball.
(up, up, by, down, against, beyond, through, off, over, with, ahead, in for ) 10.
get down下来，记下，使沮丧 get down to致力于，专心于 get on进展，进步，穿上，上车 get off脱下,下车
get in收集，插（话）
get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假
get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复 get along with进展，相处 get up起床
get through打通电话，完成，通过 get round消息传开
get close to sth. 接近，几乎 get into (trouble) get to (know)
get back取回，收回 get out
1) She spoke so fast that I couldn't get ____ what he said. 2) We will find ways to get _________ difficulties.
3) The story has got __________, and everyone knows about it.
97
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
4) When I get _________ with the report, I'll go to the cinema. 5) After a delicious meal the two men got __________ to business. 6) Don't always get __________ a word when others are speaking.
7) It took me a long time to get ___________ such an unpleasant experience.
(down, over, round, through, down, in, over) 11.
give away赠送，泄露，出卖
give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布 give off发出（光、热、气体） give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放弃，让（座位）
1) His accent at last gave him __________. 2) The liquid gave ________ a strong smell.
3) The headmaster gave ___________ the names of the prize-winners. 4) The soldiers gave _________ the town to the enemies. 5) Who will help me to give the books ___________? 6) Don't believe in those who give his friends ________. 7) After a long walk, my strength gave ____________.
(away, off, out, up, out, away, out) 12.
hand in交上，提交 hand out分发
hand down流传，遗传 13.
hang about闲逛 hang up挂电话 14.
hold back阻止，隐瞒 hold up举起，使停顿
hold on别挂电话，等，坚持 hold out持续，坚持，伸出 hold down控制，
1) I'm sure he is holding something _________.
2) She managed to hold ______ her emotion until her guests had left. Then she cried. 3) Tell him to hold ________ a moment. I'll come soon.
4) Our food supply won't hold _________ for more than a few days. 5) The train was held ________ as a result of the floods.
6) These measures helped to hold ___________ the city's population. 7) Hold ___________ your left arm, please.
(back, back, on, out, up, down, up)
98
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
15.
keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持， keep up with跟上
keep off (grass)不接近，离开
keep away from避开，不接近，离„远远的 keep out of
keep to (rules, promise)坚持，遵守 keep on继续，坚持下来
keep back阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下 keep from克制，阻止
1) The angry lady told the strangers to keep ________ from her. 2) I can hardly keep ________ my tears after hearing his words. 3) Only pride kept her __________ bursting into tears.
4) I can scarcely keep __________ asking him what he has done. 5) \"Don't touch me,\" screamed the woman, \"Keep __________!\" 6) Keep _________ until you succeed.
7) Keep _________ your courage, and you'll succeed in the end. 8) The thick coat can keep the cold ___________.
9) Always try to keep ___________ the rules when you play a game. 10) I can't keep ________ with everything you're doing. (away, back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up) 16.
knock at/on敲
knock into撞到某人身上 knock down撞倒
knock out of把„敲出 knock over撞倒
knock off停止工作，休息
1) The boxer soon knocked his opponent _________. 2) The office stuff knocks _________ at six every day.
3) Try knocking __________ the window and see if there is anyone indoors.
4) He was so absorbed in his book that he knocked __________ the car parked there. (down, off, on, into) 17.
leave for离开前往 leave out删去，遗漏
leave behind遗留,忘记拿走 leave to留给，遗嘱赠于 leave over遗留，剩下，延期
1) \"Whose name has been left __________?\" demanded the teacher. 2) When he died, he left all his property _____ his niece.
3) He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella ___________. 4) Don't leave this matter _________ until tomorrow.
99
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
5) Leave some meat ___________ for tomorrow. 6) Those are questions left _________ by history. (out, to, behind, over, over, over) 18.
look up查找，向上看 look through翻阅，浏览 look on旁观 look on„as看作 look into调查
look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找 look out(for)当心
look about / around/round四下查看 look down upon瞧不起 look back upon回忆，回顾
look ab. up and down仔细打量某人 look ab in the face/eyes直视某人
1) I spent two hours looking ______ the students' papers. 2)Look _______! There is a big hole in front.
3) He took part in the game, and the rest of us just looked ______ and cheered for him. 4) The old man looked _____ upon the days of his youth.
5) She was so snobbish（势利）that she looked __________ upon all his neighbours. 6) The police promised to look __________ the case as soon as possible. 7) He looked __________ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing. (through, out, on, back, down, into, about/around/round) 19.
make up编造，配制，打扮，组成 make up for弥补
make into / of / from 制成
make out弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单） make for走向，驶往，促使
1) Can you make this length of cloth __________ a suit? 2) I asked the driver if he was making ___________ London?
3) My father made __________ a check for me to buy the camera.
4) We must make the loss _________ next week./ He tried hard to make ________ for the damage he had done.
5) He made __________ a story, which I found hard to believe. 6) Someone is coming, but I can't make ___________ who it is. (into, for, out, up/up, up, out) 20.
pass away去世 pass by经过
pass down(on)„to传给
100
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
pass through经历 pass over漠视，忽视
1) The old clock has been passed ________ to me from my grandfather's grandfather. 2) The man passed ___________ last week in peace. 3) We are passing ____________ difficult times.
4) The secretary passed ___________ the details in the first part of his report. (down, away, through, over) 21. pay back还钱，报复
pay for付钱，为„受到惩罚，因„得到报应 pay off还清
1) How much did you pay __________ the dictionary?
2) You should pay _________ the money you borrowed from me. 3) I'll pay him ____________ for all his crimes(罪行) against me. 4) Some day, you'll pay __________ what you have done today. 5) Has she pay ____________ the debt yet? （for, back, back, for, off） 22.
pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language /knowledge)，恢复重获(pick up health) pick out挑选，辨认，看出
1) I picked the information __________ while waiting in the queue. 2) My friend has arranged to pick me _________ at 6:00.
3) The patient has picked _________ health during the last two weeks. 4) She picked _______ the most expensive pair of shoes. 5) I can't pick John ___________ in the crowd.
6) Can I pick __________ VOA with this short-wave radio?
He fell down suddenly, but picked himself ___________ quickly. 6) (up, up, up, out, out, up, up) pick cotton/flower/leaves/words选词 23.
put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下 put up with忍受 put out伸出，扑灭 put off推迟
put into放进，翻译 put away放好，存钱 put down记下，平息
put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed) put forward 提出，提前 put through 接通电话 put aside放到一边 put back放回
1) He put _________ half his wage every week.
2) The government soon put __________ the revolt（）.
101
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
3) Put your watch __________. It's slow.
4) He put __________ his hand for me to shake.
5). Please put me __________ to Extension（分机）2. 6) We put ___________ for night at the village inn.
7) He is very proud, and he often put _________ airs.（摆架子） 8) We had a telephone put _____________ in our office. 9) I can't put __________ with your laziness.
(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up) 24.
pull down拆掉，推翻 pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脱 pull in进站
pull out取出,(火车)离站 pull down往下拉,拆毁 pull over驶到一边
pull through恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境 pull up（使）停住
1) The train slowly pulled __________ and disappeared in the distance.
2) All the old houses here have now been pulled ______, and new ones are to be built. 3) The car pulled _________ when I blew the horn. 4) The doctor thinks the man will pull __________. 5) The driver pulled ________ at the traffic lights. (out, down, over, through, up) 25. push over推倒，刮倒
push ahead(on, forward)继续前进，坚持下去
push through排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过
1) We've decided to push __________ with our plan to build a new road 2) Many trees were pushed __________ in the hurricane.
3) They were determined to push the new rules ________ at any cost.. 4) Take care not to push the baby _________.
5) They pushed ___________ the crowd and at last reached us. (on, over, through, over, through ) 26.
run across偶然碰到 run after追逐，追捕 run away逃跑 run for竞选
run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞 run out of用完
1) If you drive so fast, you'll run _________ someone some day. 2) I ran __________ a friend of mine in the exhibition.
3) Our water has run __________. Can you fill up some more bottles? 4) Why do you always run __________ adventure?
102
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
5) He didn't want to run ___________ president that year. 6) In that way you will only run __________ difficulties. ( into, across/into, out, after, for, into) 27.
see off送行
see through看透，识破 see to照料，照管 28.
send for派人去请 send off送行
send out发出（光亮）等 send up发射 29.
set up建立
set off出发，触发，引起
set out动身，着手(to do)，陈述 set about开始着手(doing) set to work(n.)开始做 set back拨回，使推迟
1) I shall set my watch ___________ by five minutes.
2) We set __________ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang.
3) We set _________ at daybreak yesterday and we've been travelling ever since then. 4) I set __________ to advise him not to drink.
5) What were the reasons he set ___________ in his report?
6) The president set __________ a special group of soldiers to guard him. 7) The unpopular law set _________ a series of protests.（） (back, about, off/out, out, out, up, off) 30.
take off脱掉，起飞 take on呈现 雇佣 take away拿走 take in吸收，领会
take up从事，占用（时间空间） take down记录，取下 take back收回 take for误认为 take along随身带 take over接管 take out
1) I take _________ all I said about his dishonesty.
2) He went to the shelf and took __________ a book of poems. 3) At first I took him _________ a doctor.
103
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
4) I can see that most of you have taken ________ everything that the teacher taught. 5) Bill has now taken __________ his father's business. 6) My job takes __________ most of my time.
7) The boss took ____________ twenty people for his new company. (back, down, for, in, over, up, on)
take charge of负责, take sth. for granted想当然, take hold of抓住, take pride in以„ „„为自豪, take the place of, 代替take turns to do轮流做, take office就职 31.
think of想起
think of„as把„看作 think out想出 think up想出 think about考虑 think over仔细考虑
think well of sb. 对某人看法好 32.
turn off / on打开
turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转 turn out证明为，结果，制造成品 turn to转向，求助 turn down调低，拒绝
turn against变得敌视，反对
turn away打发走，驱逐，转过脸去 turn back返回，转回去 turn round转过身来
turn up向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大 turn in上缴
turn upside down把倒置，弄得乱七八糟
1) The child turned __________ its mother for comfort. 2) Turn ___________ and let me see your face.
3) However much he turned the problem ________ in mind, he could find no satisfactory solution.
4) The English evening party turned _________ a great success.
5) The sight of the accident was too much for her to bear, and she turned _______. 6) The football stadium was full, and many people had to be turned __________. 7) The army turned him ___________ on account of (因为) his poor health.
8) She turned the whole house ___________ in her search for her missing purse. 9) Where did your purse turn ____________? I found it in the snow.
10) The villagers suddenly turned __________ the foreigners who lived nearby. 11) The factory turns ____________ 2000 new cars last year.
104
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
(to, round, over, out, away, away, down, upside down, up, against, out)
习题答案及部分解释
第一章，名词部分习题解答 1，D，根据谓语动词eat可以得知主语为复数，A，B，C三个答案均为单数形式，D答案sheep 单数同形D
2，C, 如果前面是woman 或者 man 作修饰名词时，这个名词的前后两个名词均要变复数,所以可以排除B，根据句意是让他儿子去试一下说明医院需要的是男医生，所以选C 3，C，leaf的复数形式是leaves
4，B，根据“vegetables”可以排除A，C， potato的复数形式是potatoes 5，C, Lily’s and Lucy’s bike 指的是他们两人的车，是两辆车，故选C
6，A，根据句意识我家很穷，因此这里的family指的是家这个整体概念，而不是家庭成员，因此选A
7，C，句意是他们决定和他们的妻子去远足，因此妻子在这里要用复数wives 8 C, not only„.but also„连接两部分作主语的时候谓语动词采用就近原则 9，B
10，B，A number of +复数名词做主语谓语动词用复数，故选B
第二章 冠词部分习题解答 填空
1． a；an；the
2． 2．a；an。第一个空的a是泛指，第二个空的an是指“一小时”。 3． 3．An；a。这两个空都是泛指，故都用不定冠词。
4． 4．The；the；a。前两个空都是特指，故填the；后一个空中的a相当于every或each，
three times a day意为“一天三次”。 5． 5．a。go out for a walk意为“出去散步”。 6． 6．the
7． 7．a；The。前者泛指，后者特指。
8． 8．The；the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是
因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。
9． 9．The；the，×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词；第二空用the是
因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词；第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。
10． a。a second time意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the second time意为“第二次”。此
句填a是表示动作的重复，而不能用the（表顺序）。
11． the；the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有
名词前应加定冠词。 12． The。“the ＋姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构成的专
有名词前应加the。
13． the；×。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。
105
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
14． The a；×；×。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。
15． a。三餐名称前若有形容词，则可在形容词前加冠词，此处是泛指，故用a。 16． ×；×；×；×。此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗？”前两个空也可填定冠
词，意为：“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗？” 17． the；the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 18． ×；the。TV前不加冠词。“早、午、晚”名词前加冠词。 19． The；×；×。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。 20． a
21． ×。学科名称前一般不加冠词。
22． ×；×。go to school上学。by bike骑自行车。 23． ×；×。指示代词不能与定冠词连用。 24． news是不可数名词，故不能加a。
II． 单选
1．B。第一空是泛指；第二空的one是不定代词，用以替代前面的ruler。 2．A
3．C。这是一句谚语，意思是“一天吃一个苹果，用不着看医生。” 4．C。one强调数量，用以回答“Howmany．．．？”问句；第二个空是泛指，故用an。 5．A。one虽以元音字母开头，但以辅音音素［w］开头，故填a。 6．C。此句意为：“这只老虎来自中国。”
7．B。在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词the；at night“在夜晚”，注意该短语中没有冠词。 8 , C 9．A。“s”虽为辅音字母，但却以元音音素［e］开头，故填an。 10．D。第一个空填the，是特指那个“白发老太太”；第二个空不填冠词，是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English后面如有language，就得说the English language。“在会议上”应为at the meeting。 11．B。the Great Wall长城。
12．C。第一个空是泛指，用a；第二个空是河流名称，故用the。 13．B。第一个空：“那边的那个妇女”，是特指；第二个空是指那个妇女的身份、职业，是泛指。
14．D。第一个空是泛指；第二个空用“零冠词”是因为turn后面的名词前一般都不加冠词。
15．D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”。 16．B 17．A
18．A。after school放学以后。
19．D。the day before yesterday前天。 20．B
21．B。第一空泛指，第二空特指。 22．A。两个空都是泛指。 23．C 24．C 25．D 26．D
27．D,in the east of在某地区（内）的东部。
28．A,two and a half years也可说成two years and a half，意思都是“两年半”。
106
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
29. D
30. A ,half an hour半小时，by bus乘公共汽车
第三章 代词部分习题答案
Ⅰ .1—5 AAADD 6—10 ACADD 11—15 BCABC 16—20 BBBAC
Ⅱ .1 .my ,them ,me 2 .yours ,his ,mine 3 .something ,anything 4 .himself myself 5 .All ,Both Ⅲ .1 .are both 2 .Nothing 3 .Every one ,has 4 .both sides或each(either) side 5 .some 6 .Neither did 7 .a little ,little 8 .another 9 .him ,he ,himself 10 .Both ,and
Ⅳ .1 .D 2 .B 3 .C 4 .A 5 .B 6 .B 7 .B 8 .B 9 .D 10 .C 11 .D 12 .C 13 .D 14 .C
15 .D 16 .A 17 .B 18 .B 19 .B 20 .B
第四章 形容词副词部分练习题
1. 选A，too „ to „ 结构除用于“too + 形容词或副词 + to do sth”外，也可用于“too +
形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + to do sth”。
2. 选B，it can’t be worse 相当于 It’s the worst thing I ever knew。 3. 选B，average 意为“平常的”、“普通的”。 4. 选B，similar 指“相似”，familiar 指“熟悉”。
5. 选A，此处的 fool 虽为名词，但具有形容词的性质，相当于 foolish。
6. 选B。虽然 quite, rather, much 均可用于加强语气，但是修饰比较级或副词 too(太)时，
只能用 rather 或 much，而不用 quite。
7. 选D。第一个 look是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词 at)，第二个look 是连系动词。 8. 选 C。多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时，它们的位置遵循这样的原则：描绘形容词—大
小（长短高低）形容词—形状形容词—年龄（新旧）形容词—颜色形容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途（类别）形容词—名词（动名词）。
9. 选A。做对此题要注意两点：一是修饰something, anything, nothing 等复合不定代词的形
容词，应置于被修饰语之后；二是副词enough 修饰形容词或副词时也应置于被修饰语之后。
10. 选C。wrong 修饰nothing，seriously 修饰wrong。
11. 选C。still 修饰 active，置于其前；而副词enough 修饰形容词或副词时应置于被修饰
语之后。
12. 选B。that 在此作副词不是代词，用法相当于so。其余三者填入空格处语意不通。 13. 选B。 14. 选A。
15.选C。第一空填 freely，意为“自由地”；第二空填free，意为“免费地”。
16. 选 A。close 与 closely 的区别是：指实际距离近，用 close；指抽象意义，用 closely。 17. 选 B。首先应弄清 second to none 的意思，照字面理解是“对谁都不是第二”，言外之
意就是“第一”，或者说是“最好”。再联系句中的 but 可知，选项 B 最恰当。
18. 选B，由于是两个房间，即是两者比较，故宜用比较级，因此排除C和D；又由于两句
之间没有连词，故不宜选A。注：若在空格前加上and 一词，则要选A。 19. 选B。此题关键是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根据上文语境，Not at all 为 I am not satisfied
at all with his answer 之省略，即表示“我对他的回答一点也不满意”，既然如此，他的回答当然会是 It couldn’t have been worse（不可能更糟）。
107
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
20. 选 C，句意为“我的算术比琼差，但我的历史比她强”。注意句中的转折连词 but 及其
后的 better。
21. 选A，we couldn’t have picked a worst day 实际意思是 it is the worst day we’ve picked。 22. 选A，a better 为 a better one 之省略。另外，a better one（一个更好的）是与其前文
“我知道这不是一个很适合的词”相呼应的。
23. 选A。根据空格后的than，排除B和D；根据语境，排除C。
24. 选D。more 后不能比较级，故排除A；quite 除用于quite better外，不用于修饰比较，
故排除B；very 不用修饰比较级，故排除C。
25. 选A。若选B或C均不合事实；若选D，不合语法，因为few 后要接可数名词的复数形
式。
26. 选B。从句意看，空格处应填比较级bigger，因此排除A和C。选项B与D的区别是，
一个用了不定冠词，一个用了定冠词，两者的区别是，不定冠词表泛指，定冠词表特指。 27. 选D。由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较，所以应用比较级，不用最高级，由此排除A
和C。选 B的错误在于用了more happier这样的双重比较级（more后不能再加比较级）。 28. 选B。修饰as„as的副词应置于该结构之前。
29.【答案】B从比较级的结构上，可看出选项C、D错误，应予以排除；根据句子的意义，选项A(与其悲伤，倒不如有一点)意思不完整；因此答案选B，more表示程度。句子的意思是：Lizzie在机场给朋友送别时有些悲伤。
30.【答案】D选项A的意思是：然而，而又，也，还；B是：甚至；C是：相反地，更确切地，颇，相当；D是：就，正好，刚好。根据句子意思：如果你明天不能来，那么会议就推迟到下周召开。故答案选D。 31.【答案】 A考查多个形容词作定语的排序。总括性形容词a11／both／no要放在最前面，而half一般要放在冠词或形容词性物主代词之前。据此，答案选A。
32.【答案】 D选项A表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度；选项B只能修饰形容词或副词，而不能修饰动词；选项C表示行动的敏捷；选项D表示一个大的范围或方面。根据句子的意思，答案选D，意思是：这个项目之所以取得成功．在很大的程度上是由于当地商人的支持。
33.【答案】A根据英语表示数字的大小的习惯，排除选项B、D；根据下many tickets left的意思，答案选A。
34.【答案】B多个形容词作定语时的位置关系，请看分类说明中的解释(总限观，大形龄，色国材，目的用途名词前)。而large表大小，white表颜色，German表国籍。
35.【答案】A多个形容词作定语的位置关系请参看前面的分类说明。ten(数词，表)，strong(描绘性形容词，感官)，young(年龄)，Chinese(国籍)，由此，答案选A。 36.【答案】A本题考查多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序排列。答案为A。
37.【答案】B practical：切合实际的。全句意为：当我们计划我们的假日时，妈妈常提出切合实际的建议。故B为正确答案。
38.【答案】 A根据语境，句子暗含一个比较状语，Mary一直称体重看比前一次重多少，much修饰比较级。
39.【答案】C but后是个省略句，可补充为：but of course he don’t speak _____a native speaker．由此可知，空里需要的是个能修饰动词的副词，故排除A、B。而D应该用比较级。故C为正确答案。
40.【答案】A traditional传统的；historic历史的；remote遥远的；initial最初的。由题意可知，A为正确答案。
108
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
41.【答案】C accidentally偶然地；purposefully故意地；obviously明显地；formally正式地。由Most people可知，答案为C。
42.【答案】B此题考查副词的用法。选项B表“几乎不”；选项A意思是：相当，颇；C意思是：几乎、差不多；而D表不常做。根据前句must可知：此句表示推测，后句表示前句所推测的依据。那么，选项A、C、D均与句子意思不符。因此答案选B。意思是：我肯定发胖了，因为我的裤子几乎穿不进去了。
43.【答案】B选项A强调情况、问题的严重性或严肃性；B强调“量”多，次数频繁；C表示方式不好或情况严重；D表示程度差或次数少。根据连接词but，可排除选项A、C；再根据句意，故答案选B。
44.【答案】C根据句子中的破折号，排除选项A；根据句子的意思，后一句是对前一句的补充，进一步强调是Everyone，因此答案选c。句子的意思是：所有的人都准时到会了——甚至连Chris这个做任何事都要迟到10分钟的人都准时来了。 45.【答案】 B 这是一个省略句，根据上文，全句应该是：I’ve seen something ________．由此可见，本句是用形容词来修饰不定代词。上文的内容not very frightening显然是对Paul的安慰，接着提出了一个更可怕的事情，意思是：听起来，那还不很可怕，我见过更可怕的事情呢。
46.【答案】B修饰名词worker应用形容词，efficient的比较级是more efficient。
47.【答案及解析】 A作状语修饰句子时，用副词形式，排除c、D；enough修饰形容词、副词时，需放在所修饰的词的后面。
48.【答案】A考查副词修饰形容词。much可作形容词和副词，当作副词时不可修饰原级形容词，但可修饰副词too；作为副词的too则可修饰原级形容词，即much too+形容词“实在太„„；非常„„”。而too much“太多；过分”可修饰不可数名词、动词或单独使用作表语，两者意义大相径庭。该句用much too修饰heavy，构成too．．．to结构，故选A。译文：阙为箱子太重了，Mien难以一路搬回家，所以只好租了辆出租车。
49.【答案】B本题考查as．．．as结构，前一个as是副词，用来修饰形容词；后一个as是连词，用来连接比较状语从句，其正确语序为as big a house as。另外注意：same在这里是形容词，不能修饰形容词或副词，所以C、D错误。 50，【答案】D so和such都有“如此”的意思，但so修饰形容词，正确词序是：so anxious a rush。such修饰名词，正确词序是：such all anxious rush。
51.【答案】D否定词not／no／never +too／enough结构表示“再怎么„„也不过分”或“越„„越好”。译文：在街上(骑自行车)你越小心越好。
52.【答案】B从题意看，look在这里是系动词(看上去，看起来)后应加形容词，四个选项的词性均符合，但good是指人品好坏或东西好坏；strong则表示结实、强壮，与题意不符；healthy“健康的，健壮的”；well可作形容词和副词，作形容词时表示“健康的；气色好”，用于修饰人。
53.【答案】A三者或三者以上相比较用最高级，其形式为“the+形容词最高级”。
54.【答案】A长、宽、高及年龄等作定语修饰名词时位置可在前也可在后，在前面时要注意加连字符“．”，其中单位名词用单数，其形式为：数字一单位名称单数长、宽、高等。如放在后面，不用连字符，数词大于1要用复数。从题干看，800米远的比赛应为800-meter-long。
55.【答案】A as long as表示时间或物体的长度，或作连词，意思是“只要”：as soon as表示“„„•就„„”；as much as和as many as都表示数量多达„„，但前者修饰不可数名词或表程度，而后者则修饰可数名词。
109
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
56.【答案】 B have brains意思是“有头脑，有智慧”，根据上下文的意思，下文中的anyone in the class与上文中Boris进行比较，选项A不是比较级，而选项D是最高级，因此都应排除；选项C指两者中一个智商更高的人，与题意不符；选项B指三者或三者以上的人中一个智商更高的人，与题意相符。
57.【答案】A present作形容词的意思是“出席的，在场的”。通常用present at the party，present at the meeting。译文：参加聚会的人都是他的支持者。
58.【答案】A先根据动词的搭配关系，可排除c、D两个选项；选项A可作动词、形容词或副词，作副词时，意思是“近地，靠近，接近”；而选项B也是副词，它是由close +ly而来，意思是“亲密地，密切地”。再根据句子的意思，选出正确答案A。译文：天下着大雨，Little Mary感到很冷，所以她紧紧站在母亲身旁。
59.【答案】 B从所提供的情境the more you learn，并结合所给的选项可以确定这是“the+形容词(副词)的比较级+陈述句，the+形容词(副词)的比较级+陈述句”句型，表示“越„„越„„”。译文：我认为，教育是关于学习的事，你学得越多，你对生活准备得就越充分。the more equipped for lm的意思是 “对生活有充分的准备”。 60.【答案】D pleased“感到高兴；感到满意”，常用来形容人，be pleased with sth；pleasant“令人愉快的”，常用来形容物，a pleasant smell“香味”。
61.【答案】C in fact常用来表示与上文不相符的某件事；luckily常用来表示一种好的结果；unfortunately常用来表示一种不好的结果；naturally表示一种理所当然的结果。根据下文的意思，只有选项C正确。
62.【答案】D不论哪种形式的比较级，其修饰词均应放在前面。More than twice表示数量，放在as„as结构前的意思是“是„„的两倍多”。译文：美国人现在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。
63.【答案】D在as／so„as„结构中，第一个as／so是副词，后接形容同；第二个as是连接词，后接句子。其正确语序为as much an art as。译文：人们普遍相信，教学像科学一样是一门艺术。
.【答案】 C “the+比较级„，the+比较级．．．”的意思是“越„„越„„”。由于选项A、B和D的词序都不对，故排除。译文：近年来，旅游公司成功地向我们推销了这样一个观点：我们走得越远，我们的假期过得越好。
65.【答案】A such与no，some，many，one，two等词连用时的顺序是：no，man),，one等词+such+名词。no等于not a，放在名词前修饰名词，表示否定。选项C若改为not such a就正确。译文：据我所知，周围没有这样的汽车。答案为A。
66.【答案】 A根据句意，很多人已在帮着提供罐装食品，however又告诉人们这还不够，意思是说：食品储库需要更多(不仅是canned food)，因此要用比较级，more最合适。答案为A。
67.【答案】 B other than多用于否定词之后，等于except、but(表示所说的不包括在内)后边的动词为to do，如前面有do和nothing时，to省略。此句意是：在那种情况下，你除了等待别无它法。
68.【答案】D依句意，选出正确答案．应为“简单的”。从surprised可知因对方被如此简单的花招愚弄而感到吃惊。
69.【答案】C students为名词作主语。单个形容词作定语，则应放在名词的前面；较长的形容词短语修饰名词时～般要放在后面。enough为副词，放在形容词或副词的后面。 70.【答案】D especially特别地。从句意看出应填especially，强调不会说那个国家的语言会感到更加困难。extremely极端地；naturally自然地；basically基本上。
110
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
71.【答案】A表示数量增加的结构有：another+数词+名词；数词+more／other+名词，意思是：另外，又有。another的意思是“再一，又„„”。在一般情况下，another后接单数名词，但如果复数名词前有具体的数字，也可以和another连用。more放在数字前时，正确的形式是mole than，意思是“„„多个”。答案为A。
72.【答案】B too near的意思是“太近了”，说话人的意图是让对方站得比这远一点，所以要用副词的比较级。译文：你站得太靠近镜头了。你能离远一点吗? a bit of后接名词。
第五章 介词部分习题答案
1 . 1-7 B A A A A A B 16. 1-4 A A A B 2. 1-3 C C B 17. 1-4 C B B D 3. 1-4 B B B B 18. 1-4 B B B B 4. 1-6 C A D B A D 19. 1-4 A B B B 5. 1-4 B D B A 20. 1-5 A A D C D 6. 1-7 B A B B A C A 21. 1-5 D C C A 7. 1-4 C B B C 22. 1-7 B A D B C A A 8. 1-3 B A A 23. 1-3 D C C 9 .1-4 A A A A 24. 1-6 C A B C A D 10. 1-4 B A D C 25. 1-6 D C A A A B 11. 1-3 A B C 26. 1-6 A A D B B D 12. 1-4 A A C B 27. 1-3 C A A 13. 1-3 B D B 28. 1-4 B C C B 14. 1-5 B D A B A 29. 1-6 B C A C A C 15. 1-4 C D A B
第六章 动词部分习题答案
1—5 DDCBA 6—10 BDCDC 11—15 CCDBB 16—20 DCDBD 21—25 CDCAC 26—30 DCCDC 31—35 BDADB 36—40 CBACA 41—45 DCCBC 46—50 ACCDC 51—54 BBDB
第七章 情态动词部分练习题答案
1—5 CADCB 6—10 ADCDC 11—15 BDDCD 16—20 DAACB 21—25 BACAD 26—30 CCDBD 31—35 CDCDC 36—42 BBDCDBA
第八章 非谓语动词部分练习题答案 1、A 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、D 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、D 10、B 11、D 12、A 13、B 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、A 18、C 19、A 20、A 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、D 25、C 26、D 27、C 28、C 29、A 30、C 31、A 32、C 33、B 34、C 35、C 36、A
111
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
37、D 43、C 49、B 55、C 61、A 67、D 73、B 79、C 38、B 44、B 50、A 56、A 62、A 68、A 74、D 80、D
39、B 45、B 51、C 57、C 63、A 69、C 75、A 40、A 46、C 52、A 58、C 、D 70、D 76、A 41、C 47、A 53、C 59、C 65、B 71、B 77、B 42、D 48、B 54、A 60、D 66、C 72、A 78、D
第九章，定语从句部分习题答案 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 11 A 12 D 13 C 14 A 21 C 22 B 23 A 24 C 31 D 32 D 33 D 34 A 41 C 42 C 43 C 44 B 51 D 52 D 53 B 54 B
第十章，名词性从句部分习题答案 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 C 11 B 12 C 13 D 14 D 21 B 22 B 23 A 24 C
5 A 15 B 25 C 35 B 45 B 55 A
6 C 16 B 26 C 36 B 46 C 7 C 17 A 27 A 37 A 47C 8 A 18 A 28 D 38 A 48 B 9 C 19 D 29 A 39 B 49 A 10 C 20 D 30 B 40 A 50A
5 D 15 B 25 B 6 A 16 B 26C 7 B 17 B 27 D 8 B 18 B 28 C 9 A 19C 29 B 10 B 20 A 30 A
第十一章，状语从句部分习题答案
Ⅰ、1、 B 2、C 3、B 4、A 5、D 6、D 7、B
8、A 9、B 10、B 11、B 12、A 13、B 14、A 15、B 16、D 17、B 18、B 19、C 20、B 21、B 22、A 23、A 24、B 25、C 26、D 27、A 28、A 29、B 30、B 31、C 32、D 33、A 34、D 35、B 36、C 37、A 38、C 39、A 40、A 41、A 42、B 43、C 44、B 45、C 46、B 47、B 48、C 49、B 50、A 51、C 52、A 53、B 54、D 55、B 56、C 57、B 58、C 59、B 60、D Ⅱ、1、even后加if 2、when—while 3、minute—moment 4、whenever—wherever 5、if —whether 6、when —since 7、that去掉或改为when 8、though—because 9、since—as 10、then—when 11、ago去掉 12、but去掉 13、any 后加other 14、 15、order 后加that 16、wherever—whenever 17、第一个comes—will come （宾从时态不限） 18、that—where 19、more去掉 20、such—so 第十二章，倒装句部分习题答案
112
What hurts more! The pain of hard work or the pain of regrets?
Ⅰ、1、B 2、C 3、A 4、A 5、B 6、C 7,C
8、B 9、D 10、B 11、B 12、D 13、A 14,A 15、C 16,A 17、C 18、B 19、B 20、C 21,C 22、C 23、B 24,A 25、A 26、A 27、D 28,B 29、C 30、A 31、B 32、B 33、B 34、D 35、D 36、A 37、A 38、C 39、A 40、A Ⅱ、41、was he —he was 倒装主句不倒装从句。 42、She knew—did she know 此句为半倒装句。 43、are you —you are 此句为全部倒装句如主语是代词则不倒装。 44、was—were主语是dogs 。 45、so we can 主语we与上一句中的主语you所指相同故不同倒装。 46、do you—dare you 前面句中用情态，后面要呼应。 47、he kept—did he keep 48、he has—has he 49、
50、去掉does，将understand改为understands。only后面跟状语倒装，后跟主语不倒装。
第十三章，虚拟语气部分习题答案
1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A 6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D
第十四章，并列句部分习题答案
一、1、or 2、and 3、still / yet 4、when, or 5、but 6、for 7、when 8、while 9、Either, or 10、however 11、Not only, but 12、so 13、therefore 14、nor 15、or 二、16、D 17、B 18、D 19、A 20、C 21、A 22、C 23、A 24、A 25、D 26、B 27、D 28、A 29、A 30、C 31、B 32、B 33、C 34、A 35、B 36、D 37、C 38、D 39、C 40、A
三、41、去掉but或改为yet 42、去掉so 43、he前加does；works－work 44、because－for 45、nor－or 46、or—and
47、however—but
48去掉and 49、去for
50、去掉and 或把but改为yet 或still
113
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容