Unit 4 Economy
考纲内容
1. 经济文章选篇的特点: 着重说明经济形势,提出主张和建议,以大量数据说明问题。所用语言视场合而定,文件的语言正式而精练,演讲的语言则比较易于上口。 2. 语言对比:
(1) 经济术语 经济领域有大量的专门术语;有些普通词语在经济文章中有特殊含义。经济术语有特殊的用法和搭配。 (2)数字及有关的术语和题词
3. 考核要求 翻译中要有处理以下问题的能力: (1)经济文章的特点及理解方面的难点 (2)经济术语 (3)数字的译法
单元知识解读
一、 经济文章往往是提出现象,对现象进行说明,并对这种现象加以
讨论。这类文章通常有较强的专业性,文字精密严谨,不华丽。当文章以演说的形式呈现时,所用语言虽然正式,但句子短,结构简单,比较容易上口。
But the importance of trade in our econymy has exploded in the past three decades. ….( p97, para 4)
Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for… ( para 5)
1983年,工农业总产值为9209亿元,比1982年增加10.2%。国民收入为4673亿元,增长9%。工农业总产值,以及包括粮食、棉花、油料、煤、原油和钢材等33种主要产品的产量比原计划提前两年达到1985年的指标。
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今天,中国某些工农业产品的产量已居世界前10名。中国原油产量居世界第7,1949年时居第27位。钢产量居世界第4,1949年时居第26位。在粮食和棉花总产量上,中国居世界首位,不过中国人口众多,按每人平均产量来说,还将有待于大大提高。
The 1983 total combined output value of industry and agriculture was 920.9 billion yuan, 10.2 percent higher than 1982. national income was 467.3 billion yuan, a rise of 9 percent. The total output value of industry and agriculture and the output of 33 major products---including grain, cotton, oil, coal, crude oil and rolled steel---have already reached the targets set for 1985, two years ahead of schedule.
Today China’s output of some industrial and agricultural products puts her among the world’s top ten producers. She is now in seventh place internationally in crude oil output (27th in 1949) and fourth in steel output (26th in 1949). China is now first in total grain and cotton output, but China has a large population, so in terms of per capita production there is still much room for improvement. 二、 语言对比
(一) 经济是一个大的领域,要想翻译好经济类的文章,就要熟悉大量的术语,储备好这方面的知识,了解新的术语。
1. 熟悉、了解常见的经济术语 有些经济术语我们经常接触到,但它们的译往往不是我们所想的那样。e.g. “合资企业” joint venture 而不是joint enterprise
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“劳动密集型产业” labor intensive industries (p127) 2. 了解一些普通词在经济文章中的特定含义。 capital interest figure swing 3. 了解一些经济术语的常用搭配 foreign exchange dealing 外汇交易 state-owned economy external economy contestable market (二) 数字
数字在英汉两种语言中都有一定的说法,翻译时应注意以下几点: 1. 英汉在数字表达方面的方式不同 汉语:个、十、百、千、万……(以“十”的倍数来表达); 英语:(这个不说大家也清楚吧?
) 上百万的数字最简单的表达方法是把百万以后的数字用point…来表达,e.g. 488万 4亿8880万 2. 注意与数字有关的动词、介词、形容词和副词
China’s imports from the US, which amounted to $900 million in 1978, rose to nearly $3 billion in 1982.
Unemployment rose by 3%.
Since 1979 foreign trade as a share of China’s GNP has risen from 10% to 45%.
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3. 关于一些笼统数字的翻译 几个: 十几个: 几十个: 几十年: 好几百个: 成千上万: 几十万: 亿万: 4. 倍数的翻译
(1) “A 的大小(长度、数量……)是B的 n 倍”或“A比B大(长、多…..) n-1倍” 这支铅笔的长度是那支的3倍。 (2) 增加到n倍(或增加了n-1倍) 化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 (3) double treble quadruple
The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled.
Exercises
1. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. a. 据报道,价值破纪录地增长了3倍。
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b. 据报道,价值破纪录地增长了4倍。
c. 据报道,价值破纪录地增长到了原来的3倍。 d. 据报道,价值破纪录地增长到了原来的5倍。 2. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. a. 普通纸比这种薄膜要薄一半。 b. 这种薄膜是普通纸厚度的2倍。 c. 这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半。 d. 普通纸是这种薄膜的二分之一。 3. 两国之间的双边贸易已有显著发展。
a. Twi-side trade between the two have grown impressively. b. Bilateral trade among the two have grown impressively. c. Two-side trade among the two has grown impressively. d. Bilateral trade between the two has grown impressively. 4. 现在有20多个中美合资企业。
a. There are more than 20 joint enterprises between the US and the Chinese investors.
b. There are more than 20 joint companies between the US and the Chinese investors.
c. There are more than 20 joint ventures between the US and the Chinese investors.
d. There are more than 20 common ventures between the US and the Chinese investors.
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Word and phrase translation 1. aggregate output 3. statistics
2. individual economy
4. economic profit
5. comparative advantage 6. quadruple 7. two-way trade 8. adverse choice 9. bundling 10. capital gain 11. 外汇交易
12. 社会主义经济成分
13. 人均国民生产总值 14. 需求曲线 15. 平均固定成本 17. 债券收盘
16. 绝对优势 18. 收支平衡图
19. 基数效用 20. 成本不变行业
Translation revision
1. 原文: The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.
译文: 集成电路的产量比去年增加了3倍。 2. 原文:每公顷粮食产量可以提高1500公斤以上。
译文:The grain output per hectare can be increased more than 1,500 kg.
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