补全短文

Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. ―Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information，‖ Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. ____1____

A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3. 3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. ____2____

As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas5. ____3____The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.

Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. ____4____ He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.

____5____ According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.

答案与题解：

1.C ―If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,‖ he said.

2.B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones ：nearly one for every two people.

3.E For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.

4.A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6. 5.D Then who finances the research?

The World’s Longest Bridge

Rumor has it that1 a legendary six—headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily．____ (1)____ When completed in 2010，the world ’ s longest bridge will weigh nearly 300，000 tons—equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic—and stretch 5 kilometers long．―That’s nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built，‖says structural engineer Shane Rixon．

____(2) ____They’ re suspension bridges，massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges．A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure’s

mammoth weight，thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge．The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54，100-ton towers，which will support most of the bridge’ s load．The beefy cables of the bridge．each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built．

When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005，the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers．____(3)____ Getting these cables up will be something2．It ’ s not just their length—totally 5.3 kilometers—but their weight．____(4)____

After lowering vertical― suspender ‖cables from the main cables．builders will erect a 60 meter-wide 54.630-ton steel roadway, or deck——wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic．The deck’s weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70，500 tons．In return，the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 1 39。000 tons—equivalent to the weight of about 100，000 cars．Those anchors are essential．____(5)____

答案与题解：

1. C If true，one day you might spy the beast while zipping(呼啸而过)across the Messina Strait Bridge．

2. B What do the world’s longest bridges have in common?

3. E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait，each set being +a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires．

4.F ―They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons—more than half the bridge’s total mass． 5.D They’re what will keep the bridge from going anywhere．

Public Relations

Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases , designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image1.

(1) Since public relations involves communications with stockholders,

financial analysts，government officials，and other noncustomer groups，it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with2 marketing efforts. (2)

Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image, this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix. (3) Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from

the marketing department4, as it can provide a useful adjunct to5 the regular advertising. (4)

The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function，whether within the company or an outside firm，can take care of public image problems

and opportunities. (5) Many of these have to do with the way the firm does

business7，such as its product quality，the servicing and handling of complaints，and the tenor of the advertising. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.

答案与题解：

1、C Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm，usually in the form of press releases or press conferences.

2、F Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences.

3、A Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.

4、B Furthermore, not all publicity is initiated by the# firm； some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised6.

5、D Many factors impact on the public image.

Style, Not Fashion

Style goes way beyondfashion: It is the distinctive way we put ourselves together. It is a uniqueblend of spirit and substance-personal identity imposed oil and created throughthe world of things. _____ (1) It is what people really want when they aspireto be fashionable. (if they aren't just adorningthemselvesin status symbols).

Through clothes, wereinvent ourselves every time we get dressed. Our wardrobe is our visual vocabulary. Style is ourdistinctive pattern of speech, our individual poetry.

Fashion is the least of it.Style is, for starters, one part identity: self-awareness and self-knowledge._____ (2) And style requires security-feeling at home in your body, physically andmentally. Of course, like all knowledge, self-knowledge must be updated as yougrow evolve; style takes ongoing self-assessment.

Style is also one partpersonality: spirit: verve, attitude, wit, inventiveness. It demands the desireand confidence to express whatever mood one wishes. Such variability is notonly necessary but a reflection of a person's unique complexity as a humanbeing. _____ (3) In order to work, style must reflect the real self, thecharacter and personality of the individual; anything less appears to be acostume?

Lastly, style is one partfashion. It's possible to have lots of clothes and not an ounce of style. Butit’s also possible to have very few clothes and lots of style. Yes, fashion isthe means through which we express style, but it takes fewer clothes to bestylish than you might imagine.

Whatever else it is, styleis optimism made visible. Style presumes that you are a person of interest:that the world is a place of interest that life is worth making the effort for.It also shows that you are morally responsible. It shows that you don't buythings at the whim of the marketplace or the urging of marketers. _____ (4) Styleexposes people's ambivalence over good looks. It always demonstrates that appearancesdo count. Deep down we suspect this, since we ourselves make judgments aboutothers from how they look.

No one should be penalizedfor not having style, of course, but those who have it are

distinctive and thusmore memorable. _____ (5) They announce to the world that they are in commandof themselves.

答案与题解：

1、A It is a way of capturing something vibrant,making a statement about ourselves in clothes.

2、D You can’t have style until you have a senseof who you are. 3、F People want to be themselves and to be seenas themselves. 4、C Rather, you focus on what is personallysuitable and expressive.

5、E They create a unique identity for themselvesand express it through grooming and a few well-chosen clothes.

Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change

At picnics, ants are pests. But they have their uses. In industries1 such as mining, farming and forestry, they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.

It has been recognized for decades2 that ants一which are highly sensitive to ecological change一can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem. Only certain species, for instance, will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees._____(1)_____ And still others will move in and take up residence.

By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how \"stressed\" the land is._____(2)_____Ants are used simply because they are so commonand comprise so many species.

Where mine sites are being restored, for example, some ant species will recolonize the stripped land quickly than others._____(3)_____Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.

Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations.\" We found it worked extremely well there.\" says Jonathan Majer, a professor of environmental biology. Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia, he says, because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it: \"That's the great thing about ants3.\"

Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accepttheir results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting4. _____(4)_____

Why not? Because many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey. The cost stems, also, from the scarcity of ant specialists. _____(5)_____

答案与题解：

1. F Others will die out for lack of food.

2. D They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the

results with those of earlier surveys.

3. A This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.

4. B Yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys aren't used widely.

5. C Employing those people are expensive.

Virtual Driver

Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with

different parts of his body. (1) Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but

there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see

the most important part of the automatic driving system： a built-in computer. (2) The

brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2， analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.

In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3) However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to

react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.

With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on

expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at ahy time and

in any place? (4) With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel

on expressways.

The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and

recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. (5) This being the case4, people

still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5.

答案与题解：

1、 But how does an intelligent car control itself? 2、This is the brain of the car.

3、E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.

4、Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.

5、However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.

Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions

Little girls may be made of sugarand all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions. ______ (1) That’s theconclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samplesfrom 24 men and 25 women after he had spent time in a sauna or ridden anexercise bike for 15 minute.

______ (2) ―Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit oronion,‖ says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva thatresearches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.

The team found that the women's armpit sweat constrainedrelatively high levels of an odourless sulphur-containning compound – 5milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.

When the researchers mixed this compound in the lab withbacteria commonly found in the armpit, the bugs turned it into a thiol - apreviously discovered odour from armpits that is akin to onion.

―The more sulphur precursor we added, the more intense wasthe malodour,‖ says Starkenmann, whose team’s results appear in ChemicalSenses. ______ (3)

The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of anodourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the sametypes of bacteria. The balance of oniony to cheesy precursors in women’s sweatmade it smell worse than men’s as rated by independent smell assessors.

______ (4) ―We could make inhibitors that neutralise theprecursors, or block the bacterial enzymes that do the conversion,‖ saysStarkenmann.

Some researchers are sceptical that gender is the maindeciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might notapply to other populations with different diets and genetic background. ______(5)

答案与题解：

1. And while free of slug or snail odours, men’sarmpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff. 2. The researchers found marked differences in thesweat from men and women. 3. Bacterial enzymes turn the otherwise odourlessprecursor into the malodour.

4.Nest; the team hope to develop new ingredientsfor deodorants that fight the smells. 5. ―Other factors include what you eat. what youwash with, what you weat and what genes you inherit,‖ says Tim Jacob of CardiffUniversity in the UK.

The Value of Motherhood

In shopping malls，the assistants try to push you into buying ― a gift to thank her for her unselfish love‖. When you log onto1 a website, a small pop-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.

(1) The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more 一 enough to make her horrified.

(2) They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities，ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of tlie promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace, interestingly.

(3) As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe，traditionally \"motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right. ‖ But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career

serves this purpose better.

(4) So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.

(5) According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young

women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.

So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated： \"It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people. ‖

答案与题解：

1、The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905，by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

2、According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.

3、But what's mote，commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood. 4、In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. 5、As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.

sandwich generation

Today people often look forward to their middleage as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After theirchildren are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create.____(1)____. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoingresponsibilities1: one is to look after their aging parents,and theother is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life.Around the world, there are millions of people who are ―sandwiched‖in betweenthe older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or threegenerations living in the same household — a situation that is common in manyAsian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may betaking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.

There are two important reasons for the rise ofthe sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. Inthe early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in theUnited States，for example，was about 40，whereas today people live to anaverage ageof 75. ____(2)____. The second reason is that these days, youngadults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in thepast. This is often for financial reasons. It’s also more common for today’syoung adults to return home during or after college if they need financial oremotional support.2

____(3)____. They may have to cover expenses thattheir parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents’ financial andlegal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents’ future needs, suchas special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumaticexperience for everyone.

Caring for adult children presents challenges aswell, and caregivers have to resolve important questions; How can financialresponsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can householdchores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy? ____(4)____.

The financial and emotional pressures on thesandwich generation can be overwhelming. However, this time in life also hasits rewards. ____(5)____. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spendmore time with them. However, in order to survive this difficult period intheir lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that theyalso need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality oftheir own lives. They can’t be totally selfless.

答案与题解：

1．However the reality is often very different.

2．Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longerperiod of time. 3．People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues.

4．Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress forthe whole family 5．It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one’sparents or children.

Einstein Named \"Person of the Century\"

Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as \"Person of the Century\" by Time magazine on Sunday.

A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius，Einstein has come to

represent more than any other person the flowering of the 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.

\"The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic，but technological 一 technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science. ‖ wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein's significance. (1)

Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt1 to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi2 as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics. 、

\"What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom's fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom. ‖ said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.

Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. (2) He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams3 •

In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. (3) Everything else — mass， weight, space, even time itself — is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation ： energy equals mass times the speed of light squared — E = mc2.

(4)\"There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality.\"

Einstein's famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein，an avowed pacifist4，signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to

develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. (5) Einstein did not work on the project.

Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955. 答案与题解：

1、‖ Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein. ‖ 2、In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. 3、In his ― Special Theory of Relativity ‖，Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.

4、\"Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics. ‖ Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time's choices.

5、Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the \"Manhattan Project\" that secretly developed the first atomic weapon.